Substituting space for time: Bird responses to forest loss in space provide a general picture of responses over time
Kayla Attinello,
Lenore Fahrig,
Adam C. Smith
et al.
Abstract:The practice of space‐for‐time substitution assumes that the responses of species or communities to land use change over space represents how they will respond to that same change over time. Space‐for‐time substitution is commonly used in both ecology and conservation, but whether the assumption produces reliable insights remains inconclusive. Here, we tested space‐for‐time substitution using data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) and Global Forest Change (GFC) to compare the effects of landsc… Show more
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