Substituting dietary saturated for monounsaturated fat impairs insulin sensitivity in healthy men and women: The KANWU study

Vessby, Bengt; Uusitupa, Matti; Hermansen, Kjeld; Riccardi, Gabriele; Rivellese, Angela Albarosa; Tapsell, Linda C.; Nälsén, Cecilia; Berglund, Lars; Louheranta, Anne; Rasmussen, Birthe M.; Calvert, G. D.; Maffetone, A; Pedersen, Elizabeth; Gustafsson, Inga‐Britt; Storlien, Leonard H

doi:10.1007/s001250051620

Cited by 956 publications

(740 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Although the controversy in earlier data concerning marine fatty acids and glucose metabolism (Salomaa et al, 1990;Feskens et al, 1991Feskens et al, , 1995Borkman et al, 1993;Adler et al, 1994;Vessby et al, 1994aVessby et al, , b, 2001Pan et al, 1995;Marshall et al, 1997;Baur et al, 1998;Gustafsson et al, 1998;Bjerregaard et al, 2000;Ekblond et al, 2000;Mori et al, 2000;Hu et al, 2001;Salmeró n et al, 2001;Dewailly et al, 2001a, b;van Dam et al, 2002;Wang et al, 2003;Harding et al, 2004;Thorsdottir et al, 2004) may be partly explained by different doses and durations of supplementation in intervention studies, and by different background diets between the study populations, inclusion of subjects with different PPARG Pro12Ala genotypes could also influence the outcome of the study. That PPARG genotype may affect the associations of dietary fat composition with insulin concentrations (Luan et al, 2001) and serum triacylglycerol response to fish oil supplementation (Lindi et al, 2003) was suggested previously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Especially, long-chain nÀ3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have been found to be associated with enhanced glucose metabolism (Feskens et al, 1991;Adler et al, 1994;Feskens et al, 1995;Baur et al, 1998;Ekblond et al, 2000;Hu et al, 2001;Salmeró n et al, 2001;Thorsdottir et al, 2004) and to lower serum free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations (Gustafsson et al, 1998), although there are also contradictory results (Salomaa et al, 1990;Borkman et al, 1993;Vessby et al, 1994aVessby et al, , b, 2001Pan et al, 1995;Marshall et al, 1997;Bjerregaard et al, 2000;Mori et al, 2000;Dewailly et al, 2001a, b;van Dam et al, 2002;Wang et al, 2003;Harding et al, 2004). It is not known whether some of the discrepancies in previous results could be attributed to differences in the genetic background of the subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-γ2 gene affects associations of fish intake and marine n−3 fatty acids with glucose metabolism

Ylonen

Salminen

Lyssenko³

et al. 2007

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Background/Objectives: Data on associations between marine nÀ3 fatty acids and glucose metabolism are inconsistent. Therefore, we explored effects of the Pro12Ala polymorphism in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-g2 gene on associations of fish intake and dietary and plasma eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid with glucose metabolism. The design comprises of the cross-sectional analysis. Subjects/Methods: The Pro12Ala variant in the PPAR-g2 (PPARG) gene was genotyped in 571 non-diabetic relatives of subjects with type II diabetes. The dietary intake was measured by a 3-day food record, and the plasma cholesterol ester fatty acid composition was analysed with gas chromatography. Associations of dietary and plasma variables with insulin resistance and fasting and 2-h glucose and free fatty acid concentrations were analysed with multiple linear regression analysis. Results: In men, there was a significant interaction between PPARG polymorphism and plasma docosahexaenoic acid on fasting free fatty acid concentration (P ¼ 0.036), and genotype-stratified models showed an inverse association in Pro homozygotes only (P ¼ 0.028). In women, the proportion of plasma eicosapentaenoic acid was higher in Ala-allele carriers compared to Pro homozygotes (1.67 vs 1.44% respectively, P ¼ 0.006). A significant interaction between PPARG polymorphism and fish intake on 2-h glucose was found in women (P ¼ 0.021), and genotype-stratified models suggested an inverse association in Ala-allele carriers only (P ¼ 0.039). Conclusions: The findings suggest that PPARG polymorphism might affect the plasma proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid and modulate the associations of fish intake and marine nÀ3 fatty acids with glucose metabolism and fasting free fatty acids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-γ2 gene affects associations of fish intake and marine n−3 fatty acids with glucose metabolism

Ylonen

Salminen

Lyssenko³

et al. 2007

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…Epidemiological data (Lichtenstein and Schwab, 2000) and animal studies (Storlien et al, 1991) suggest that insulin sensitivity is decreased by a diet rich in saturated fat relative to a diet rich in polyunsaturated fat. The KANWU study showed that saturated fat impaired insulin sensitivity (Vessby et al, 2001). Substituting dietary saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat improves insulin sensitivity (Summers et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin sensitivity in Chinese ovo-lactovegetarians compared with omnivores

Kuo

et al. 2004

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Aim: To compare the insulin sensitivity indices between Chinese vegetarians and omnivores. Methods: The study included 36 healthy volunteers (vegetarian, n ¼ 19; omnivore, n ¼ 17) who had normal fasting plasma glucose levels. Each participant completed an insulin suppression test. We compared steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG), fasting insulin, the homeostasis model assessment for insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR and HOMA %S) and b-cell function (HOMA %b) between the groups. We also tested the correlation of SSPG with years on a vegetarian diet. Results: The omnivore subjects were younger than the vegetarians (55.773.7 vs 58.673.6 year of age, P ¼ 0.022). There was no difference between the two groups in sex, blood pressure, renal function tests and lipid profiles. The omnivores had higher serum uric acid levels than vegetarians Conclusions:The vegetarians were more insulin sensitive than the omnivore counterparts. The degree of insulin sensitivity appeared to be correlated with years on a vegetarian diet.

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“…Some conflicting data on the type of dietary fatty acids and their effects on insulin secretion are available from meal and dietary intervention studies. In humans, no differences in insulin responses were found after meals [39,40] or longterm diets [41], which were high in monounsaturated or saturated fatty acids. Some studies have reported greater stimulation of insulin secretion after diets high in saturated fatty acids in subjects with Type II diabetes [42] and normal rats [43] but others have reported a more pronounced effect with polyunsaturated fatty acids [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between specific fatty acids, GLP-1 and insulin secretion in humans

et al. 2002

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Aims/hypothesis. Fatty acids affect insulin secretion in vivo, but little is known about the effects of specific fatty acids. Our aim was to investigate differential effects of acutely increased plasma monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids on glucosestimulated insulin secretion in healthy humans. Methods. A new experimental protocol was used to increase plasma monounsaturated (MUFA test), polyunsaturated (PUFA test) or saturated (SFA test) nonesterified fatty acids for 2 h by repeated oral fat feeding and continuous intravenous heparin infusion. This was followed by a hyperglycaemic clamp (10 mmol/l) to test insulin secretion in response to a prior plasma NEFA increase. Results. Total plasma NEFA concentrations were increased during the fat tests compared to the control visit (1.7-fold increase for MUFA and SFA tests and 1.4-fold increase for PUFA test; p<0.001). Exaggerated responses in plasma insulin, C-peptide and proinsulin concentrations were seen during the hyperglycaemic clamp after increasing plasma NEFA concentrations compared with the control (p<0.01). The effects were greatest for the MUFA test followed by the PUFA test and SFA test (p<0.01). Plasma GLP-1 concentrations increased during fat feeding, with a higher response during the MUFA test compared to PUFA and SFA tests (p<0.01). Conclusion/interpretation. Increasing plasma NEFA concentrations by oral fat feeding with heparin infusion augments glucose-stimulated insulin secretion with the greatest effect for monounsaturated fatty acids and the lowest effect for saturated fatty acids. Monounsaturated fatty acids also increase GLP-1 more than saturated fatty acids. Therefore, the exaggerated insulin concentrations could be due to both NEFA and GLP-1. [Diabetologia (2002[Diabetologia ( ) 45:1533[Diabetologia ( -1541 Keywords Monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, insulin secretion, GLP-1. High fat diets lead to obesity, which in turn is one of the main causes of the development of Type II (noninsulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Both obesity and Type II diabetes are characterized by increased plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations [1] and raised fasting plasma NEFA concentrations are a risk marker for the development of Type II diabetes in Caucasian subjects [2] and in Pima Indians [3]. Increased plasma NEFA concentrations can have adverse effects on various tissues. Excess plasma NEFA concentrations can lead to a reduced skeletal muscle glucose uptake and oxidation [4,5,6], increased hepatic glucose output [7] and a decrease in hepatic insulin clearance [8,9]. These mechanisms could lead to glucose intolerance and insulin resistance leading to Type II diabetes.Inappropriately high concentrations of plasma NEFA have also been shown to alter glucose-stimulat-

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Substituting dietary saturated for monounsaturated fat impairs insulin sensitivity in healthy men and women: The KANWU study

Cited by 956 publications

References 17 publications

The Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-γ2 gene affects associations of fish intake and marine n−3 fatty acids with glucose metabolism

The Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-γ2 gene affects associations of fish intake and marine n−3 fatty acids with glucose metabolism

Insulin sensitivity in Chinese ovo-lactovegetarians compared with omnivores

Interaction between specific fatty acids, GLP-1 and insulin secretion in humans

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