Substantial family history of prostate cancer in black men recruited for prostate cancer screening

Abstract

BACKGROUND. Black men are at increased risk for prostate cancer (PCA), particularly with a family history (FH) of the disease. Previous reports have raised concern for suboptimal screening of black men with an FH of PCA. The extent of FH of PCA are reported from a prospective, longitudinal PCA screening program for high‐risk men. METHODS. Black men ages 35 to 69 years are eligible for PCA screening through the Prostate Cancer Risk Assessment Program (PRAP) regardless of FH. Rates of self‐reported FH of PCA, breast, and colon cancer at baseline were compared with an age‐matched sample of black men from the 2005 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) using standard statistical methods. RESULTS. As of January 2007, 332 black men with pedigree information were enrolled in PRAP and FH of PCA was compared with 838 black men from the 2005 NHIS. Black men in PRAP reported significantly more first‐degree relatives with PCA compared with black men in the 2005 NHIS (34.3% [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 29.2‐39.7] vs 5.7% [95% CI, 3.9‐7.4]). Black men in PRAP also had more FH of breast cancer compared with those in the 2005 NHIS (11.5% [95% CI, 8.2‐15.4] vs 6.3% [95% CI, 4.6‐8.0]). CONCLUSIONS. FH of PCA appears to be a motivating factor for black men seeking PCA screening. Targeted recruitment and education among black families should improve PCA screening rates. Efforts to recruit black men without an FH of PCA are also needed. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.

Factors affecting attitudes toward colorectal cancer screening in the primary care population

“…The attribution of illness often arises when symptoms develop and begin physically restricting everyday life, especially among men (Smith et al, 2005;Mastalski et al, 2008). In our study, with the exception of tiredness, duration of symptoms was not associated with reported attitudes toward CRC screening.…”

The Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer Among Multiethnic Men

“…If so, they should be screened as aggressively as, or more aggressively than, US-born Black men. Other factors such as increased age and a family history of cancer should increase the probability of being screened for cancer since these are wellestablished risk factors for prostate cancer and should raise awareness of the risk of disease [44,80]. The results of this study however, did not provide a clear answer to this question of variation of prostate cancer prevalence and receipt of a PSA exam by birthplace.…”

“…Generally, risk factors for cancer and more specifically prostate cancer include family history of cancer, age, and Black race [44,54,77,78]. The literature suggests that although the rate of prostate cancer in the US is highest among African-American men, published rates among men living in the Caribbean are even higher [14,32,79].…”

“…The ACS recommends that men at high risk for the development of prostate cancer, who have at least a 10-year life expectancy, and a family history of prostate cancer, begin screening at age 45 while those without a family history begin screening at age 50 [6,43]. Studies have found that men with a family history of prostate cancer tend to present with prostate cancer at earlier ages [5,44,45]. A study conducted by Cotter et al (2002), found that those men with a positive family history of at least one first degree relative diagnosed with prostate cancer had a significantly higher risk of developing prostate cancer [45].…”

Genetic Determinants of Prostate Cancer: A Review

“…Not only a family history of prostate cancer but also breast/ ovarian cancer increase the risk for men in a given familial line. In such case the relative risk is 1.7 and in the case of incidence of PC together with breast or ovarian cancer, the risk is 5.8 but results from other studies differ [14][15][16] . Segregate studies have found a mostly autosomal dominant heredity in patients with sporadic and familial prostate cancer.…”