Substance Use Screening in a Large Pediatric Primary Care Network: A Quality Improvement Project

Abstract

Background: This project aimed to introduce substance use screening, using the CRAFFT (Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Family/Friends, Trouble) screening tool, into the routine care of adolescents using quality improvement strategies and tools. Methods: We expanded a single-site project showing the successful introduction of CRAFFT screening into adolescent care to include the entire 34-site primary care network of a children’s hospital in Northeastern Ohio. We deployed quality improvement methodology to facilitate the acceptance and use of the screener. Data showing the percentage of eligible adolescents screened were collected and shared monthly with network providers. Results: The single-site phase increased the screening rate from 3.5% to 72%. The percentage screened for the network phase rose from 0% to >90% in the first 2 months of the project and remained at that level. Of those screened, 85% were low risk, 3% were medium risk, and 2% were high risk. Ten percent of the results were not recorded in a way that allowed for post hoc risk assessment. During the network phase, 35,750 of 38,427 (93%) eligible patients completed the screening form. Conclusions: This project resulted in the highly reliable use of the CRAFFT screener in a large primary care network.