Substance use preferences and sexually transmitted infections among Canadian post-secondary students

Soe, Nway Mon Kyaw; Bird, Yelena; Schwandt, Michael; Moraros, John

doi:10.2147/ppa.s188078

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…The findings of a higher prevalence of high-risk drug use among those who reported sex work, previous STIs, and inconsistent condom use are consistent with the findings of previous studies [ 32 – 34 ]. Substance use disorder has a negative effect on the control of STIs by interfering with the user’s decision-making and favoring sexual practices with a higher risk of acquiring STIs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Cocaine/crack and cannabis use among transgender women in Goiás, Central Brazil

Magalhães,

dos Santos,

Diniz e Silva

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Introduction Illicit drug use is a significant public health problem. Studies have shown a high prevalence of cocaine and cannabis use in transgender women (TGW). Objective To describe the consumption patterns of cannabis and cocaine/crack use and variables associated with their use in TGW in Central Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on TGW in Goiás, Brazil. Participants were recruited using a respondent-driven sampling method and were interviewed face-to-face about cannabis and crack-cocaine and the variables associated with them. The Alcohol Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test was used to assess substance use. Unweighted logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with cannabis and crack cocaine use. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results A total of 440 transgender women participated in the study. Their median age was 25 years (interquartile range: 20.5–29.5 years). Most participants were single (85.5%) and had engaged in sex work in their lifetime (58.6%). Cannabis was reported by 68.9% and 53.4% of participants in their lifetime and in the past three months, respectively, and cocaine/crack use was reported by 59.8% and 44.1% of participants in their lifetime and the past three months, respectively. Of the participants, 10.2% reported high-risk cannabis use, and 9.1% reported high-risk cocaine/crack use. Furthermore, 35% of participants reported using both drugs. Previous physical violence (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 2.37), inconsistent condom uses during anal sex (AOR: 2.17), and moderate-/high-risk cocaine/crack use (AOR: 3.14) were associated with high-risk cannabis use. Previous sexual violence (AOR: 2.84), previous STI (AOR: 2.90), moderate-/high-risk cannabis (AOR: 3.82), and binge drinking (AOR; 3.28) were associated with high-risk cocaine/crack use. Conclusion Our study found a high frequency, significant overlap in the use of cannabis and cocaine/crack use and violence associated with these drugs consumption among TGW, highlighting the urgent need for health policies for drug disorders among this socially marginalized group.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Cocaine/crack and cannabis use among transgender women in Goiás, Central Brazil

Magalhães,

dos Santos,

Diniz e Silva

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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“…In total, 11 publications satisfied the inclusion criteria. As there are countless articles (mostly cross-sectional studies, not included in our review) on associations between alcohol use and STIs (for a random selection, see Connor et al, 2015;Herrera et al, 2016;Hojilla et al, 2020;Liu et al, 2016;Soe et al, 2018), we based our review solely on cohort and case control studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol use as a risk factor for sexually transmitted infections: A systematic review and conclusions for prevention

Llamosas-Falcón¹,

Hasan

Shuper

et al. 2023

IJADR

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Alcohol use has been associated with multiple sexual risk behaviors and outcomes, such as condomless sex, multiple sexual partners, unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STI). The aim of this review was to present updated evidence to demonstrate an association and to establish causality between alcohol consumption and STI risk, as well as to present interventions that reduce alcohol consumption and its effect on STIs. We conducted a systematic review according to the PRISMA guidelines using PUBMED and EMBASE. Narrative and systematic reviews, cohort studies, and case-control studies were included. Any type of alcohol use was considered as the exposure variable, with the outcome restricted to non-HIV STIs, as reviews on alcohol use and HIV already exist. In total, 18 publications satisfied the inclusion criteria. The evidence suggests that there is an association between alcohol use, especially heavy drinking occasions, and STIs, with 9 articles finding a statistical significant association. With respect to decision-making and sexual behavior, there is good evidence, including experimental evidence, that alcohol use increases risk-taking sexual behavior. It is important to have a deeper understanding of the association to develop effective prevention programs at community and individual levels. Preventive interventions should be implemented targeting the general population, in addition to specific campaigns directed at vulnerable subpopulations in order to reduce the risks.

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“…Examining prevalence according to racial background is important because studies have shown that Black Canadians experience high levels of racial discrimination (Cénat, Hajizadeh, et al, 2022; Godley, 2018), an established risk factor for substance use (e.g., alcohol, cannabis, crack) as shown in studies conducted in the United States (U.S.; Assari et al, 2018; Clark et al, 2015; Metzger et al, 2017). Furthermore, a study among college students in Canada revealed that Black participants were the only racial group at higher risk of substance use compared to White students (Soe et al, 2018).…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, an established risk factor for substance use (e.g., alcohol, cannabis, crack) as shown in studies conducted in the United States (U.S.; Assari et al, 2018;Clark et al, 2015;Metzger et al, 2017). Furthermore, a study among college students in Canada revealed that Black participants were the only racial group at higher risk of substance use compared to White students (Soe et al, 2018).…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Frequency and factors related to substance use among Black individuals aged 15–40 years old in Canada: The role of everyday racial discrimination.

Cénat¹,

Dromer²,

Auguste³

et al. 2023

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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Objective: Despite evidence that Black individuals are confronted with various types of racial discrimination that put them at risk for alcohol and substance use disorders, no study in Canada has assessed the frequency and factors related to substance use in Black communities. This study thus aims to examine the frequency and factors related to substance use in Black communities in Canada. Method: A total of 845 Black individuals in Canada (76.6% female) completed questionnaires assessing substance use (i.e., alcohol, cannabis, and other drugs), everyday racial discrimination, resilience, religious involvement, and sociodemographic information. Multivariable regression analyses were used to determine factors related to substance use among Black individuals. Results: The findings showed that 14.8% (95% CI [8.60, 20.94]) of participants reported using any substance (i.e., alcohol, cannabis, and other drugs) in the past 12 months. Men reported a significantly higher frequency of substance use than women (25.7% vs. 11.1%; x 2 = 27.67, p < .001). Everyday racial discrimination (ß = .27, p < .001) and place of birth (born in Canada, ß = .14, p < .001) were positively associated with substance use, whereas it was negatively associated with religiosity, resilience, and gender (being a female; ß = −.08, p < .05; ß = −.21, p < .001; ß = −.12, p < .001). Conclusions: Racial discrimination is associated with substance use among Black individuals in Canada. The study findings inform potential prevention and intervention strategies by examining protective factors related to substance use (e.g., religiosity, resilience, gender) among Black individuals. Public Health Significance StatementFindings from this research reveal that more than one out of ten Black individuals in Canada use substances. This study demonstrates the importance of considering racial discrimination in substance use among Black individuals in Canada. It also shows the need to embrace an intersectional approach that includes gender, place of birth, age, religiosity, and resilience in the understanding of substance use among Black individuals in Canada.

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Substance use preferences and sexually transmitted infections among Canadian post-secondary students

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Cocaine/crack and cannabis use among transgender women in Goiás, Central Brazil

Cocaine/crack and cannabis use among transgender women in Goiás, Central Brazil

Alcohol use as a risk factor for sexually transmitted infections: A systematic review and conclusions for prevention

Frequency and factors related to substance use among Black individuals aged 15–40 years old in Canada: The role of everyday racial discrimination.

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