Substance Use Disorders in Correctional Populations

Ternes, Marguerite; Goodwin, Stephanie S.; Hyland, Kathleen Allen

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-00452-1_3

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…Rather, there were three groups that primarily used drugs and two groups that used both drugs and alcohol. Compared with the primarily drug-using groups, offenders in the polysubstance-using groups were more likely to have been convicted of a violent offense and less likely to have been convicted of a drug offense, which is consistent with previous research on alcohol users (Cheverie et al, 2014; DeLisi et al, 2015; Pernanen, Cousineau, Brochu, & Sun, 2002; Sevigny & Coontz, 2008; Ternes & Johnson, 2011). The group with the highest proportion of offenders with a substantial/severe alcohol use disorder, the Polysubstance With Positive Social Supports group, performed relatively well in the institution, with the lowest rates of positive and refused urinalysis and the second-lowest rate of institutional charges and segregation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Although the specific nature of the drug–crime relationship is complex, the use of certain substances has been linked to certain types of crime. In particular, many studies have established a link between alcohol use and violent offending (e.g., Cheverie, Ternes, & Farrell MacDonald, 2014; Felson & Staff, 2010; Haggard-Grann, Hallqvist, Langstrom, & Moller, 2006; Kopak, Vartanian, Hoffmann, & Hunt, 2014; Sevigny & Coontz, 2008; Ternes & Johnson, 2011). Indeed, a review of the literature on the link between substance use and offending indicated that alcohol is the substance most frequently cited as being related to aggressive and violent behavior (Boles & Miotto, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although other drug use, particularly amphetamine, methamphetamine, and cocaine use, has also been linked to violence, it has been suggested that the relationship is not as strong as the relationship between alcohol and violence (Boles & Miotto, 2003; Stewart, Gossop, Marsden, & Rolfe, 2000). Drug use, on the contrary, has been linked to acquisitive crimes, such as theft or break and enter (Cheverie et al, 2014; Hodgins & Lightfoot, 1988; Sevigny & Coontz, 2008; Ternes & Johnson, 2011), and substance-related crimes, such as possession or trafficking (DeLisi, Vaughn, Salas-Wright, & Jennings, 2015; Kopak et al, 2014; Sevigny & Coontz, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Substance Use Disorder Typologies of Canadian Federally Sentenced Men: Relationships With Institutional Behavior and Postrelease Success

Ternes¹,

MacDonald

Cheverie³

2018

Criminal Justice and Behavior

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This study explored the presence of subgroups of incarcerated offenders using cluster analysis. Subgroups were created based on severity of criminogenic needs, including substance use, from a retrospective cohort of 5,275 Canadian male incarcerated offenders. Five groups emerged: (a) Primarily Drug Users With Stable Employment/Education, (b) Primarily Drug Users with High Needs, (c) Polysubstance Users With Positive Social Supports, (d) Polysubstance Users With Severe Need for Intervention, and (e) Drug Offenders With Good Reintegration Potential. Sociodemographic factors, criminal history, institutional behavior, and rates of recidivism were explored across subgroups. Drug Offenders With Good Reintegration Potential had the lowest rates of institutional charges and recidivism, while offenders in the Primarily Drug With High Needs and Polysubstance With Severe Need for Intervention groups had the highest rates. These findings highlight that classification of offenders is complex and nuanced. Knowing the pattern and severity of substance use and criminogenic needs aids offender management.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Substance Use Disorder Typologies of Canadian Federally Sentenced Men: Relationships With Institutional Behavior and Postrelease Success

Ternes¹,

MacDonald

Cheverie³

2018

Criminal Justice and Behavior

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“…Although the risk of overdose-related death is alarmingly high among formerly incarcerated people, opioid use disorder is treatable and drug overdose is preventable [30,38]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for preventing overdose-related deaths [30], it is critical to provide social and economic support such as housing and employment for community re-integration, and provide specific interventions in the community including uninterrupted health-care services and treatment for SUD and mental illness [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of overdose‐related death for people with a history of incarceration

et al. 2020

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Background and aims Reported associations between previous incarceration and the risk of overdose‐related death are substantially heterogeneous, and previous studies are limited by an inability to control for confounding factors in risk assessment. This study investigated the associations of overdose‐related death with previous incarceration and the number or cumulative duration of previous incarcerations, and individual or neighborhood characteristics that may potentially modify the associations. Design and setting A cohort study using a 20% random sample of residents in British Columbia, Canada. Participants A total of 765 690 people aged 23 years or older at baseline as of 1 January 2015. Mean age was 50 years; 49% were males. Measurements Previous incarcerations that occurred during the 5‐year exposure period (January 2010 to December 2014) were identified using provincial incarceration records. Overdose‐related deaths that occurred during the 3‐year follow‐up period (January 2015 to December 2017) were identified using linked administrative health data. Baseline individual and neighborhood characteristics were retrieved from the provincial health insurance data. Findings In the cohort, 5743 people had an incarceration history during the exposure period, and 634 people died from drug overdose during the follow‐up period. The mortality rate was 897 and 22 per 100 000 person‐years for people who did and did not have an incarceration history, respectively. After adjusting for baseline individual and neighborhood characteristics (without any interaction term), people who had an incarceration history were 4.04 times (95% confidence interval 3.23–5.06) more likely to die from drug overdose compared with people without an incarceration history. The association was stronger for females, people without diagnoses of substance use disorder and people without dispensation of opioids for pain or benzodiazepines (P < 0.001 for each interaction term). There was no discernible linear trend between the number or cumulative duration of previous incarcerations and the risk of overdose‐related death. Conclusions Previous incarceration appears to be a major risk factor for overdose‐related death.

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“…For example, cognitive–behavioral therapy, community reinforcement approaches, motivational interviewing, relapse prevention, and social skills training can effectively help reduce drug use, institutional violence, and recidivism among incarcerated offenders. The most effective method may be combining types of psychological services, and following therapy with community maintenance sessions upon release from custody (e.g., Bahr, Masters, & Taylor, 2012; McHugh, Hearon, & Otto, 2010; McLellan, Kushner, Metzger, & Peters, 1992; Ternes, Goodwin, & Hyland, 2018).…”

Section: Substance Use Programmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing the features of offenders who do and do not complete substance use treatment in corrections: Extending the reach of psychological services.

Ternes

Richer

MacDonald

2020

Psychological Services

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Approximately 80% of offenders serving sentences in Canadian federal institutions present a history of substance use that requires psychological services. Correctional substance use programs (SUPs) have been shown to be effective in reducing reconviction for offenders who complete all sessions. However, a significant proportion of offenders entering an SUP do not complete the program for offender-related reasons such as dropping out or suspension. The purpose of the present study was to examine the prevalence of SUP noncompletion and the extent to which offenders who do not complete because of offender-related reasons differ from completers and those who do not complete for administrative reasons (e.g., transferred, released, program cancelled) on demographics, offense characteristics, substance use severity, SUP exposure, criminogenic needs, risk of recidivism, reintegration potential, and institutional charges. The study considered 4,592 federally sentenced men offenders who were enrolled in an SUP. Results showed that noncompleters for offender reasons were younger, less educated, less motivated for intervention, more likely to have committed a violent crime, more likely to have incurred a serious charge while incarcerated, more likely to have presented severe substance use, and more likely to report an unstable employment history. There were relatively few differences between SUP completers and SUP noncompleters for administrative reasons. The results highlight that noncompleters for offender reasons present individual characteristics that might affect their responsivity to treatment. Identifying offenders presenting this specific profile and tailoring psychological services to facilitate their learning could help reduce program noncompletion and improve rehabilitation.

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Substance Use Disorders in Correctional Populations

Cited by 4 publications

References 125 publications

Substance Use Disorder Typologies of Canadian Federally Sentenced Men: Relationships With Institutional Behavior and Postrelease Success

Substance Use Disorder Typologies of Canadian Federally Sentenced Men: Relationships With Institutional Behavior and Postrelease Success

Risk of overdose‐related death for people with a history of incarceration

Distinguishing the features of offenders who do and do not complete substance use treatment in corrections: Extending the reach of psychological services.

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