Substance use disorders and the orbitofrontal cortex

Dom, Geert; Sabbe, Bernard; Hulstijn, Wouter; Brink, Wim van den

doi:10.1192/bjp.187.3.209

Cited by 202 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…For instance, it is possible that the causal direction flows from substance use behaviors to reduced trait mindfulness tendencies. In particular, because trait mindfulness involves the use of higher order cognitive processes (Ives-Delliperi et al, 2011), it is possible that higher levels of substance use behaviors reduce trait mindfulness by impairing higher order cognitive processes (Dom et al, 2005). Moreover, it is also possible that the negative trait mindfulness-substance use behaviors relationship is reciprocal, such that trait mindfulness is associated with a small degree of protection again substance use behavior (Marlatt, 2004) and substance use behaviors reduce trait mindfulness (Dom et al, 2005; Ives-Delliperi et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis of the relationship between trait mindfulness and substance use behaviors

Karyadi

VanderVeen

Cyders

2014

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

133

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Background The relationship between trait mindfulness and substance use behaviors has been inconsistent across studies. The current study is a meta-analysis aimed at quantifying the magnitude of this relationship, and at determining how this relationship varies in context of (1) mindfulness facets, (2) substance type, (3) sample characteristics, and (4) substance use severity. Methods A literature search was conducted using electronic databases. The literature search yielded 303 articles, but only 39 articles met inclusion criteria to be included in this meta-analysis. The relationship was quantified as a Pearson's r correlation coefficient for all studies. Results Findings indicated a small, negative, and significant relationship between trait mindfulness and substance use behaviors (r = -0.13). This relationship varied across substance type, clinical status of the sample, and substance use severity. Although not significant, relationship sizes showed different patterns across mindfulness facets. Conclusions This meta-analysis quantified the relationship between trait mindfulness and substance use behaviors, which can be used as future effect size estimates. Findings also clarify inconsistency in previous work by indicating that the trait mindfulness-substance use behaviors relationship was more robust: (1) for alcohol use and tobacco use behaviors; (2) for problematic substance use behaviors; and (3) with inpatient clinical samples. Further work should continue to examine if acting with awareness, non-judgment, and non-reactivity mindfulness facets are more robustly associated with substance use behaviors. Failure to consider these factors, or collapsing across these factors, could explain the smaller or inconsistently reported associations across previous studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis of the relationship between trait mindfulness and substance use behaviors

Karyadi

VanderVeen

Cyders

2014

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

133

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“…For example, what are the mechanisms behind the behavior to use the Internet again and again, although a person explicitly knows that he/she will experience negative consequences in the long run? Do they have a myopia for the future or is the reaction to the Internet-related stimuli so strong that they experience cue-reactivity and craving, as it is well-known from substance dependency (e.g., Grant et al, 1996; Anton, 1999; Childress et al, 1999; Tiffany and Conklin, 2000; Bonson et al, 2002; Brody et al, 2002, 2007; Franken, 2003; Dom et al, 2005; Heinz et al, 2008; Field et al, 2009)? We will focus on these neuropsychological mechanisms potentially contributing to the loss of control in the next sections.…”

Section: Generalized and Specific Internet Addictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prefrontal Control and Internet Addiction: A Theoretical Model and Review of Neuropsychological and Neuroimaging Findings

Brand

Young

Laier

2014

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

425

340

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Most people use the Internet as a functional tool to perform their personal goals in everyday-life such as making airline or hotel reservations. However, some individuals suffer from a loss of control over their Internet use resulting in personal distress, symptoms of psychological dependence, and diverse negative consequences. This phenomenon is often referred to as Internet addiction. Only Internet Gaming Disorder has been included in the appendix of the DSM-5, but it has already been argued that Internet addiction could also comprise problematic use of other applications with cybersex, online relations, shopping, and information search being Internet facets at risk for developing an addictive behavior. Neuropsychological investigations have pointed out that certain prefrontal functions in particular executive control functions are related to symptoms of Internet addiction, which is in line with recent theoretical models on the development and maintenance of the addictive use of the Internet. Control processes are particularly reduced when individuals with Internet addiction are confronted with Internet-related cues representing their first choice use. For example, processing Internet-related cues interferes with working memory performance and decision making. Consistent with this, results from functional neuroimaging and other neuropsychological studies demonstrate that cue-reactivity, craving, and decision making are important concepts for understanding Internet addiction. The findings on reductions in executive control are consistent with other behavioral addictions, such as pathological gambling. They also emphasize the classification of the phenomenon as an addiction, because there are also several similarities with findings in substance dependency. The neuropsychological and neuroimaging results have important clinical impact, as one therapy goal should enhance control over the Internet use by modifying specific cognitions and Internet use expectancies.

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“…For example, imaging studies of addicts have consistently revealed abnormalities in blood flow in the OFC [28][29][30][31][32][33] (for an excellent review, see [34]). Alcohol and cocaine addicts display reductions in baseline measurements of OFC activation during acute withdrawal and even after long periods of abstinence.…”

Section: Addictive Behavior and Outcome Expectanciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orbitofrontal cortex, decision-making and drug addiction

Schoenbaum

Roesch

Stalnaker

2006

Trends in Neurosciences

427

311

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The orbitofrontal cortex, as a part of prefrontal cortex, is implicated in executive function. However, within this broad region, the orbitofrontal cortex is distinguished by its unique pattern of connections with crucial subcortical associative learning nodes, such as basolateral amygdala and nucleus accumbens. By virtue of these connections, the orbitofrontal cortex is uniquely positioned to use associative information to project into the future, and to use the value of perceived or expected outcomes to guide decisions. This review will discuss recent evidence that supports this proposal and will examine evidence that loss of this signal, as the result of drug-induced changes in these brain circuits, might account for the maladaptive decision-making that characterizes drug addiction.

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Substance use disorders and the orbitofrontal cortex

Abstract: The orbitofrontal cortex has an important role in addictive behaviours. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying neuronal substrates of cue reactivity, craving and decision-making, and the implications for treatment and relapse prevention.

Cited by 202 publications

References 88 publications

A meta-analysis of the relationship between trait mindfulness and substance use behaviors

A meta-analysis of the relationship between trait mindfulness and substance use behaviors

Prefrontal Control and Internet Addiction: A Theoretical Model and Review of Neuropsychological and Neuroimaging Findings

Orbitofrontal cortex, decision-making and drug addiction

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