Substance Use, and Substance Use Disorder, in Relation to COVID-19: Protocol for a Scoping Review

Kumar, Navin; Janmohamed, Kamila; Nyhan, Kate; Martins, Sílvia S.; Cerdá, Magdalena; Hasin, Deborah S.; Scott, Jenny; Pates, Richard; Ghandour, Lilian; Wazaify, Mayyada; Khoshnood, Kaveh

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-70872/v1

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…That survey also showed that the logistic regression for generalized anxiety acted as a significant predictor for increased use of nicotine and other substances (12). This increase could be a reaction to the stress derived from the pandemic situation, as has previously been demonstrated in the outcomes of other studies researches carried out in Europe (34,35) and the United States (36). Smokers normally use certain drugs such as anxiolytics; there is a well-known close relationship between smoking and psychiatric disorders (a higher proportion of subjects with mental health disorders smoke, when compared to general population).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Benzodiazepines and Z-hypnotics consumption in long-COVID-19 patients: Gender differences and associated factors

Carrasco‐Garrido

Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas

Hernández‐Barrera

et al. 2022

Front. Med.

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BackgroundPsychotropic drug consumption has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. We describe here the prevalence and identifying factors associated with Benzodiazepine (BZD) and Z-hypnotics use among a sample of Spanish adults suffering from long-COVID-19 syndrome, from a gender perspective.Materials and methodsData were anonymously collected between 15th December 2021 and 15th March 2022. The collection form consisted of several questions gathering sociodemographic information, post-COVID symptom, health profile, and pharmacological drug intake. Using logistic multivariate regression models, we estimated the independent effect of each of these variables on self-medicated consumption. Three models were generated (female, male, and both gender).ResultsPrevalence of BZD and Z-hypnotics use was 44.9% (46.5% for women; 37.8% for men). Zolpidem was the most consumed drug among male (20.7%), and lorazepam in female (31.1%). Patterns of drug consumption among female were related with number of post-COVID symptoms and smoking habit (AOR 2.76, 95%CI 1.16–6.52). Males under 40 years of age are more likely to consume BZD and Z-hypnotics (AOR 5.52, 95%CI 1.08–28.27).ConclusionThe prevalence of consumption of BZD and Z-hypnotics in those subjects with long-COVID-19 in our study reaches values of 44.9%. Women with long-COVID-19 declare a higher prevalence of consumption than men. Predictors of BZD and Z-hypnotic in men were, age and number of medication use. Smoking habit and the number of post-COVID symptoms were predictive variables in women.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Benzodiazepines and Z-hypnotics consumption in long-COVID-19 patients: Gender differences and associated factors

Carrasco‐Garrido

Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas

Hernández‐Barrera

et al. 2022

Front. Med.

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“…Figure 1 summarizes immunogenetic factors discussed in the present review [ 202 , 203 , 204 , 205 , 206 , 207 , 208 , 209 , 210 , 211 , 212 , 213 ].…”

Section: Other Immune Response Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…“Lifestyle” refers to habits (in terms of quality of nutrition, physical activity, drug consumption, smoking) and to socio-economic parameters (access to the health care system, level of education, access to high quality medical information), i.e., the social determinants of health. “Environment” (intended as exposure to contaminants, pollution, and non-ionizing radio frequency, but also as exposure to multiple pathogens) is relevant since it mechanistically modifies the immune response [ 202 , 203 , 204 , 205 , 206 , 207 , 208 , 209 , 210 ]. Viral genetic variants and their effects on virulence/COVID-19 severity are also a matter of intense research [ 211 , 212 , 213 ].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Immunogenetics in COVID-19

Pojero

Candore

Caruso

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is induced by SARS-CoV-2 and may arise as a variety of clinical manifestations, ranging from an asymptomatic condition to a life-threatening disease associated with cytokine storm, multiorgan and respiratory failure. The molecular mechanism behind such variability is still under investigation. Several pieces of experimental evidence suggest that genetic variants influencing the onset, maintenance and resolution of the immune response may be fundamental in predicting the evolution of the disease. The identification of genetic variants behind immune system reactivity and function in COVID-19 may help in the elaboration of personalized therapeutic strategies. In the frenetic look for universally shared treatment plans, those genetic variants that are common to other diseases/models may also help in addressing future research in terms of drug repurposing. In this paper, we discuss the most recent updates about the role of immunogenetics in determining the susceptibility to and the history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We propose a narrative review of available data, speculating about lessons that we have learnt from other viral infections and immunosenescence, and discussing what kind of aspects of research should be deepened in order to improve our knowledge of how host genetic variability impacts the outcome for COVID-19 patients.

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“…Being subjected to lockdown measures has been linked to an increased risk of hazardous drinking patterns and of alcohol use disorder (27). Furthermore, substance use appeared connected to an increased risk and severity of COVID-19 infections (28,29) and an increase in alcohol-related emergencies has been reported (29).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addiction in the time of COVID-19: Longitudinal course of substance use, psychological distress, and loneliness among a transnational Tyrolean sample with substance use disorders

et al. 2022

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IntroductionNext to an increased use of alcohol, the current pandemic has been associated with increased psychological distress among the general population. Research on its effects on individuals suffering from substance use disorders (SUD) is scarce. This study aimed at expanding the existing literature on this topic with a focus on the impact of loneliness and perceived social support.MethodsSixty-eight people diagnosed with SUD according to ICD-10 from the Austrian state of Tyrol and from the Italian Province of South Tyrol who had been treated in a psychiatric hospital in 2019 and one hundred and thirty-six matched reference subjects of the same regional background participated in an online survey. Sociodemographic variables and scores on the Brief Symptom Checklist, the Three-Item Loneliness Scale, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were collected at baseline and 5 months thereafter. Baseline took place after the first wave, while follow-up largely coincided with the second wave of the pandemic.ResultsAmong both patients and the matched reference group, substance use as a means to feel better facing the pandemic rose and predicted higher levels of psychological distress. Patients were less likely to receive specific care at follow-up than at baseline and presented with a significantly higher prevalence of clinically relevant psychological distress and loneliness than the matched reference group at both assessment times. Among both groups, psychological burden remained unchanged over time. Perceived social support was generally significantly higher in the matched reference group than in patients. Loneliness and, to a lesser degree, low perceived social support predicted psychological distress.ConclusionThese findings emphasize the need of preventive and educational measures regarding substance use behavior for both individuals suffering from SUD and those without mental health disorders.

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Substance Use, and Substance Use Disorder, in Relation to COVID-19: Protocol for a Scoping Review

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

Benzodiazepines and Z-hypnotics consumption in long-COVID-19 patients: Gender differences and associated factors

Benzodiazepines and Z-hypnotics consumption in long-COVID-19 patients: Gender differences and associated factors

The Role of Immunogenetics in COVID-19

Addiction in the time of COVID-19: Longitudinal course of substance use, psychological distress, and loneliness among a transnational Tyrolean sample with substance use disorders

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