“…The high HIV prevalence rates among persons entering jails and prisons, however, suggest that most HIV infections occurred before rather than during incarceration (Macalino, Vlahov, Sanford-Colby, Patel, Sabin, Salas, et al, 2004;Solomon et al, 2004;de Ravello, Brantley, Lamarre, Qayad, Aubert, & Beck-Sague, 2005;Weinbaum, Sabin, & Santibanez, 2005). This is not surprising, because studies have shown that incarcerated individuals are more likely to engage in risk behaviours outside jails and prisons, rather than within the correctional system (Wohl et al, 2000;Moseley & Tewksbury, 2006;Seal, Margolis, Morrow, Belcher, Sosman, Askew, et al, 2008). Various researchers believe that correctional facilities provide a critical opportunity to provide HIV prevention interventions and treatment to inmates (Grinstead, Zack, Faigeles, Grossman, & Blea, 1999;Wohl et al, 2000) because prisoners, who mainly come from under-served at-risk populations are easier to reach in the prison, they have fewer opportunities to engage in high risk behaviours, and they have access to health services (Braithwaite & Arriola, 2008).…”