Substance Use and Related Harms Among Adolescents With and Without Traumatic Brain Injury

Ilie, Gabriela; Mann, Robert E.; Hamilton, Hayley; Adlaf, Edward M.; Boak, Angela; Asbridge, Mark; Rehm, Jürgen; Cusimano, Michael D.

doi:10.1097/htr.0000000000000101

Cited by 65 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…1-2 Greater effort to track concussions using large-scale epidemiological data is needed to identify high-risk subpopulations and monitor prevention efforts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A regional study of Canadian adolescents suggests that approximately 20% have sustained a concussion. 1-2 Providing a national baseline of concussion prevalence and correlates is necessary to target and monitor prevention efforts to reduce these types of injuries during this important developmental period. To address this gap we examined the prevalence and correlates of self-reported diagnosed concussions using a national sample of U.S. adolescents.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Concussion Among US Adolescents and Correlated Factors

Veliz

McCabe

Eckner

et al. 2017

JAMA

115

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“…1-2 Greater effort to track concussions using large-scale epidemiological data is needed to identify high-risk subpopulations and monitor prevention efforts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Concussion Among US Adolescents and Correlated Factors

Veliz

McCabe

Eckner

et al. 2017

JAMA

115

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“…In fact, estimates indicate that 37–66% of TBI patients struggle with alcohol use disorders, while 10–44% of TBI patients abuse illicit drugs 5 . Notably, within illicit drug use, studies have shown that TBI patients are most likely to abuse cannabis, cocaine, methamphetamine, and prescription medications, including opioids, stimulants, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, and antipsychotics 6–10 . Furthermore, additional studies have shown that daily cigarette use is significantly elevated in TBI patients when compared to age-matched controls, suggesting that brain injuries may also affect nicotine-dependence 6, 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting increased risk for substance use disorders following traumatic brain injury: What we can learn from animal models

Merkel

Cannella

Razmpour

et al. 2017

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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Recent studies have helped identify multiple factors affecting increased risk for substance use disorders (SUDs) following traumatic brain injury (TBI). These factors include age at the time of injury, repetitive injury and TBI severity, neurocircuits, neurotransmitter systems, neuroinflammation, and sex differences. This review will address each of these factors by discussing 1) the clinical and preclinical data identifying patient populations at greatest risk for SUDs post-TBI, 2) TBI-related neuropathology in discrete brain regions heavily implicated in SUDs, and 3) the effects of TBI on molecular mechanisms that may drive substance abuse behavior, like dopaminergic and glutamatergic transmission or neuroimmune signaling in mesolimbic regions of the brain. Although these studies have laid the groundwork for identifying factors that affect risk of SUDs post-TBI, additional studies are required. Notably, preclinical models have been shown to recapitulate many of the behavioral, cellular, and neurochemical features of SUDs and TBI. Therefore, these models are well suited for answering important questions that remain in future investigations.

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“…[21][22][23] Adolescents who had experienced one or more TBIs in their lifetime had odds twice as much to screen positive for current hazardous drinking or for reporting binge drinking in the past 12 months compared to those who never had a TBI. 20 TBI and hazardous drinking are relatively common among adolescents 4 19 20 and they have been linked with poor academic performance and mental health issues, including suicide, and increased violent and non-violent conduct behaviours. 19 24-29 Several studies using imaging methods have noted negative additive effects of alcohol misuse and TBI, such as brain atrophy over time and reduced reaction times.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-sectional examination of the association of co-occurring alcohol misuse and traumatic brain injury on mental health and conduct problems in adolescents in Ontario, Canada

et al. 2016

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ObjectiveThis study describes the impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and hazardous drinking on mental health and behavioural issues among Ontario adolescents. In particular, we assessed the incremental co-occurrence of hazardous drinking with a history of TBI, in comparison to experiencing just one of these conditions.MethodsA cross-sectional subsample of 3130 Ontario adolescents attending grades 9–12, and aged 10–21 were surveyed in 2013 as a part of the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health's Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey. Recent (past year) and former (lifetime and excluding the last year) TBI were defined as trauma to the head that resulted in loss of consciousness for at least 5 min or overnight hospitalisation. Current hazardous drinking was derived using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT).ResultsAn estimated 11.8% of Ontario adolescents (95% CI 10.1% to 13.8%) reported a history of former TBI and were not hazardous drinkers; 4.0% (95% CI 2.9% to 5.5%) reported recent TBI and were not hazardous drinkers; 13.7% (95% CI 12.3% to 15.3%) were hazardous drinkers who never had a TBI; 4.1% (95% CI 2.9% to 5.8%) had former TBI with co-occurring hazardous drinking; and 2.2% (95% CI 1.6% to 3.0%) had recent TBI with co-occurring hazardous drinking. Most odds increased significantly and were two to three times higher for reporting compromised mental health, violent and non-violent conduct behaviours, and reported victimisation for classifying as a hazardous drinker at the time of testing with co-occurring either former or recent TBI compared to classifying as not having either of these conditions. Adolescents classified as hazardous drinkers with former TBI had numerous and higher ORs for conduct behaviours than those with recent TBI.ConclusionsResults emphasise the strong interplay between TBI and hazardous drinking and point to the need for integrating prevention efforts to reduce these conditions and their co-occurrence among adolescents.

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Substance Use and Related Harms Among Adolescents With and Without Traumatic Brain Injury

Abstract: There are strong and demographically stable associations between TBI and substance use. These associations may not only increase the odds of injury but impair the quality of postinjury recovery.

Cited by 65 publications

References 57 publications

Prevalence of Concussion Among US Adolescents and Correlated Factors

Prevalence of Concussion Among US Adolescents and Correlated Factors

Factors affecting increased risk for substance use disorders following traumatic brain injury: What we can learn from animal models

Cross-sectional examination of the association of co-occurring alcohol misuse and traumatic brain injury on mental health and conduct problems in adolescents in Ontario, Canada

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