Substance use and misuse in a mountain ultramarathon: new insight into ultrarunners population?

Didier, Sandra; Vauthier, Jean-Charles; Gambier, Nicolas; Renaud, Pierre; Chenuel, Bruno; Poussel, Mathias

doi:10.1080/15438627.2017.1282356

Cited by 24 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Yet it is a higher percentage than at the UTMB ® (< 10%). Our population consisted largely of runners who were 30–39 yrs or 40–49 yrs of age which was in accordance with the mean age of participants in previous ultramarathon studies of around 40 yrs [ 18 , 20 , 23 , 33 , 35 ], and international ultramarathon race statistics shown that 31% and 33.3% are 30–40 and 40–50 yrs of age, respectively [ 34 ]. Thus, our study population appears to have been an appropriate representation of ultramarathon runners with regards to sex and age.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Sleep habits and strategies of ultramarathon runners

et al. 2018

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Among factors impacting performance during an ultramarathon, sleep is an underappreciated factor that has received little attention. The aims of this study were to characterize habitual sleep behaviors in ultramarathon runners and to examine strategies they use to manage sleep before and during ultramarathons. Responses from 636 participants to a questionnaire were considered. This population was found to sleep more on weekends and holidays (7–8 h to 8–9 h) than during weekdays (6–7 h to 7–8 h; p < 0.001). Work was a mediator of napping habits since 19–25% reported napping on work days and 37–56% on non-work days. There were 24.5% of the participants reporting sleep disorders, with more women (38.9%) reporting sleep problems than men (22.0%; p < 0.005). Mean (±SD) sleepiness score on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale was 8.9 ± 4.3 with 37.6% of respondents scoring higher than 10, reflecting excessive daytime sleepiness. Most of the study participants (73.9%) had a strategy to manage sleep preceding an ultramarathon, with 54.7% trying to increase their opportunities for sleep. Only 21% of participants reported that they had a strategy to manage sleep during ultramarathons, with micronaps being the most common strategy specified. Sub-analyses from 221 responses indicated that sleep duration during an ultramarathon was correlated with finish time for races lasting 36–60 h (r = 0.48; p < 0.01) or > 60 h (r = 0.44; p < 0.001). We conclude that sleep duration among ultramarathon runners was comparable to the general population and other athletic populations, yet they reported a lower prevalence of sleep disorders. Daytime sleepiness was among the lowest rates encountered in athletic populations, which may be related to the high percentage of nappers in our population. Sleep extension, by increasing sleep time at night and daytime napping, was the main sleep strategy to prepare for ultramarathons.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Sleep habits and strategies of ultramarathon runners

et al. 2018

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“…Runners reported NSAID use during competition to help with pain and inflammation ( Joslin et al, 2013 ). Pain relief and the prevention of pain were the most often cited reasons for NSAID consumption in the present study in agreement with previous studies ( Gorski et al, 2011 ; Didier et al, 2017 ; Martínez et al, 2017 ). However, no beneficial effects of ibuprofen on decreasing muscle soreness caused by muscle injury were reported ( Peterson et al, 2003 ; Nieman et al, 2005 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Consumption in a Multi-Stage and a 24-h Mountain Bike Competition

Chlíbková¹,

Ronzhina²,

Nikolaidis³

et al. 2018

Front. Physiol.

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Purpose: Excessive or inappropriate non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use during ultra-endurance events could cause potential risk to athletes’ health. Reports on NSAID consumption in mountain bikers or ultra-mountain bikers are scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of NSAID consumption immediately before, during and immediately after a mountain bike (MTB) race and to compare NSAID consumption in two different MTB competitions.Methods: This observational study took place at a three-stage MTB race (SMTB) (n = 63) and at a 24-h MTB race (24MTB) (n = 68), both held in the Czechia in 2017. NSAID consumption was evaluated via self-reported electronic questionnaires.Results: Of all finishers (n = 131), fourteen (10%) consumed NSAID at least once during the competition day (immediately before, during or immediately after the race). The number of NSAID consumers was the same in both competitions. Nevertheless, only three athletes (2%), all of them from the 24MTB, consumed NSAID during the race and 5% of all mountain bikers reported consumption after the race. In contrast to the SMTB, the intake reported by the 24MTB participants was quite homogeneous in terms of the timing of NSAID consumption. The NSAID users were older (p = 0.043) than the non-users. Ibuprofen was most commonly used by 79% of all consumers.Conclusion: The prevalence of NSAID use was higher in the older participants and seems to be lower in comparison with results from studies about runners, ultra-runners and triathletes suggesting that it is determined by the discipline (i.e., cycling). On the other hand, the timing of NSAID consumption was probably affected by the competition character (e.g., MTBS or 24MTB). Future studies should focus on a larger sample size of cyclists from various disciplines.

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“…Further risk factors for acute kidney injury in ultra-endurance runners have been demonstrated as the use of NSAIDs (Lipman et al, 2017) sometimes leading to dramatic clinical situation of acute renal failure needing hospitalization (Poussel et al, 2013). In a previous "Infernal-Trail" race (2014), we observed a prevalence of self-medication during the race at 18% and NSAIDs has been consumed in half of the cases (Didier et al, 2017). It has been reported that up to 75% of ultra-endurance athletes use NSAIDs during the race (Wharam et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%