Substance use and misuse in the aftermath of terrorism. A Bayesian meta‐analysis

DiMaggio, Charles; Galea, Sandro; Li, Guohua

doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02526.x

Cited by 81 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Few studies examined alcohol and terrorism exposure outside the USA, but two studies of adolescents in different cities in Israel showed that geographic proximity to terrorist attacks was associated with greater quantity, frequency and binge drinking (Schiff et al 2006, 2007). A recent meta-analysis of 27 studies assessing substance use in response to terrorism included studies whose follow-up times ranged from 1 week to more than 2 years (DiMaggio et al 2009). This meta-analysis found a pooled effect indicating that the population level of alcohol consumption is increased following a terrorist attack (DiMaggio et al 2009).…”

Section: Part I the Relation Between Fateful/catastrophic Events Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stressful life experiences, alcohol consumption, and alcohol use disorders: the epidemiologic evidence for four main types of stressors

2011

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Background Exposure to stress is potentially important in the pathway to alcohol use and alcohol use disorders. Stressors occur at multiple time points across the life course, with varying degrees of chronicity and severity. Method We review evidence from epidemiologic studies on the relationship between four different stressors (fateful/catastrophic events, child maltreatment, common adult stressful life events in interpersonal, occupational, financial, and legal domains, and minority stress) and alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorders. Results Studies generally demonstrate an increase in alcohol consumption in response to exposure to terrorism or other disasters. Research has demonstrated little increase in incident alcohol use disorders, but individuals with a history of alcohol use disorders are more likely to report drinking to cope with the traumatic event. Childhood maltreatment is a consistent risk factor for early onset of drinking in adolescence and adult alcohol use disorders, and accumulating evidence suggests that specific polymorphisms may interact with child maltreatment to increase risk for alcohol consumption and disorder. Stressful life events such as divorce and job loss increase the risk of alcohol disorders, but epidemiologic consensus on the specificity of these associations across gender has not been reached. Finally, both perceptions of discrimination and objective indicators of discrimination are associated with alcohol use and alcohol use disorders among racial/ethnic and sexual minorities. Conclusion Taken together, these literatures demonstrate that exposure to stress is an important component in individual differences in risk for alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorders. However, many areas of this research remain to be studied, including greater attention to the role of various stressors in the course of alcohol use disorders and potential risk moderators when individuals are exposed to stressors.

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Section: Part I the Relation Between Fateful/catastrophic Events Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stressful life experiences, alcohol consumption, and alcohol use disorders: the epidemiologic evidence for four main types of stressors

2011

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“…Indeed, an elevated prevalence of post-disaster alcohol use has been consistently described in multiple populations exposed to traumatic events. Higher levels of alcohol use have been found in firefighters who served as rescue workers during the Oklahoma City bombing (North et al, 2002), survivors of Hurricane Katrina (Flory et al, 2009), and individuals who were impacted by the 9/11 terrorist attacks, including New York City (NYC) residents (Vlahov et al, 2002), Pentagon staff (Grieger et al, 2003), members of the Fire Department of New York (FDNY; Berninger et al, 2010) and individuals living in an area adjacent to NYC (Hasin et al, 2007); these findings are summarized in a meta-analysis by DiMaggio et al (2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequent binge drinking five to six years after exposure to 9/11: Findings from the World Trade Center Health Registry

Welch

Caramanica

Maslow

et al. 2014

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Exposure to 9/11 may have considerable long-term impact on health behaviors, including increased alcohol consumption. We examined the association between frequent binge drinking, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and number of 9/11-specific experiences among World Trade Center Health Registry (Registry) enrollees five-to-six years after 9/11. Methods Participants included 41,284 lower Manhattan residents, workers, passers-by, and rescue/recovery workers aged 18 or older without a pre-9/11 PTSD diagnosis who completed Wave 1 (2003–2004) and Wave 2 (2006–2007) interviews. Frequent binge drinking was defined as consuming five or more drinks on five or more occasions in the prior 30 days at Wave 2. Probable PTSD was defined as scoring 44 or greater on the PTSD Checklist. 9/11 exposure was measured as the sum of 12 experiences and grouped as none/low (0–1), medium (2–3), high (4–5) and very high (6+). Results Frequent binge drinking was significantly associated with increasing 9/11 exposure and PTSD. Those with very high and high exposures had a higher prevalence of frequent binge drinking (13.7% and 9.8%, respectively) than those with medium and low exposures (7.5% and 4.4%, respectively). Upon stratification, very high and high exposures were associated with frequent binge drinking in both the PTSD and no PTSD subgroups. Conclusions Our findings suggest that 9/11 exposure had an impact on frequent binge drinking five-to-six years later among Registry enrollees. Understanding the effects of traumatic exposure on alcohol use is important to identify risk factors for post-disaster alcohol misuse, inform policy, and improve post-disaster psychological and alcohol screening and counseling.

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“…Health care professionals should be cognizant of this possible increase and the potential comorbidity between substance use and other psychopathology and treat them concurrently (3). Community-level interventions to curtail substance use after disasters may also help speed community recovery (13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A National Study of Health Care Service Utilization and Substance Use After the 2010 Chilean Earthquake

Garfin

Juth²,

Silver³

et al. 2014

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Substance use and misuse in the aftermath of terrorism. A Bayesian meta‐analysis

Cited by 81 publications

References 68 publications

Stressful life experiences, alcohol consumption, and alcohol use disorders: the epidemiologic evidence for four main types of stressors

Stressful life experiences, alcohol consumption, and alcohol use disorders: the epidemiologic evidence for four main types of stressors

Frequent binge drinking five to six years after exposure to 9/11: Findings from the World Trade Center Health Registry

A National Study of Health Care Service Utilization and Substance Use After the 2010 Chilean Earthquake

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