Substance Use and Child Maltreatment: Providing a Framework for Understanding the Relationship Using Current Evidence

Kepple, Nancy Jo; Freisthler, Bridget

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-82479-2_12

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…First, high supply of prescription opioids in communities may simply increase opioid use among parents, which may facilitate opioid misuse among parents (Freisthler et al, 2017; Wolf et al, 2016). Such individual-level pathways may compromise parents’ cognitive abilities, such as attention to and awareness of child needs, memory capacity, and thinking and decision-making processes (Freisthler et al, 2017; Kepple et al, 2022; Kepple & Freisthler, 2020; Morris et al, 2019). This may in turn increase neglect risk by diminishing parents’ capabilities to supervise their children (supervision neglect), meet their children’s basic needs (physical neglect), emotionally attach to their children (emotional neglect), and maintain stable environments for their children (environmental neglect; Freisthler et al, 2017; Kepple et al, 2022; Kepple & Freisthler, 2020; Morris et al, 2019; Winstanley & Stover, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such individual-level pathways may compromise parents’ cognitive abilities, such as attention to and awareness of child needs, memory capacity, and thinking and decision-making processes (Freisthler et al, 2017; Kepple et al, 2022; Kepple & Freisthler, 2020; Morris et al, 2019). This may in turn increase neglect risk by diminishing parents’ capabilities to supervise their children (supervision neglect), meet their children’s basic needs (physical neglect), emotionally attach to their children (emotional neglect), and maintain stable environments for their children (environmental neglect; Freisthler et al, 2017; Kepple et al, 2022; Kepple & Freisthler, 2020; Morris et al, 2019; Winstanley & Stover, 2019). Long-term opioid misuse may lead to addiction, which may affect the brain reward system such that parents are less motivated to care for their children, but more motivated toward drug-seeking behaviors, which may eventually increase neglect risk (Freisthler et al, 2017; Winstanley & Stover, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The longitudinal increases in these relationships also tended to be the largest for neglect, less for physical abuse to some extent, and the least for sexual abuse. Consistently, the individual-level pathways offered in the current child welfare literature mostly suggest the negative influences of parental opioid misuse such as impairment of cognitive functioning, disruption of the brain reward system, and emotional dysregulation increase neglect risk (Freisthler et al, 2017;Kepple et al, 2022;Kepple & Freisthler, 2020;Morris et al, 2019;Winstanley & Stover, 2019). While community-level research on the opioid-CMR relationship by maltreatment type is sparse, prior ecological research on child maltreatment suggests that community disadvantages, such as poverty, household crowding, violent crime, and residential instability, had stronger relationships with neglect than with other maltreatment types (Coulton et al, 2007).…”

Section: Subgroup-specific Findingsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…OPIOID AND CHILD MALTREATMENT memory capacity, and thinking and decision-making processes (Freisthler et al, 2017;Kepple et al, 2022;Kepple & Freisthler, 2020;Morris et al, 2019). This may in turn increase neglect risk by diminishing parents' capabilities to supervise their children (supervision neglect), meet their children's basic needs (physical neglect), emotionally attach to their children (emotional neglect), and maintain stable environments for their children (environmental neglect; Freisthler et al, 2017;Kepple et al, 2022;Kepple & Freisthler, 2020;Morris et al, 2019;Winstanley & Stover, 2019).…”

Section: Possible Explanations For the Community-level Opioid-cmr Rel...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Longitudinal changes in the county-level relationship between opioid prescriptions and child maltreatment reports, United States, 2009–2018.

Kim¹,

Song²,

Windsor³

2023

American Journal of Orthopsychiatry

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This article examines whether county opioid prescription rates were associated with county child maltreatment report (CMR) rates in the United States and whether this relationship changed over time. We linked multiple national data sets to assemble retail opioid prescription data, CMR data, rural-urban codes (to control for urbanicity), and census data (to control for other community characteristics, such as poverty rates) covering 2009-2018. Multilevel linear modeling analyzed the linked data. We found that the strength of the county-level relationship between opioid prescription rates and CMR rates increased almost linearly during the study period. The relationship was not significant in 2009-2011; it became significant in 2012 and grew stronger in the next 6 years. In 2012, there was one more CMR per 1,000 children in a county for every 14.3 more opioid prescriptions per 100 people. In 2018, the number of prescriptions related to this effect was 3.6. In other words, the county-level relationship between opioid prescriptions and CMRs was four times as strong in 2018 as it had been in 2012. This trend was also observed within all subgroups of child age and sex. By type, this trend was somewhat more pronounced for neglect, but somewhat less for sexual abuse. Our findings suggest a growing need for greater efforts to prevent child maltreatment in communities with high opioid prescription rates. Further research is warranted to reveal the underlying factors for this concerning trend. Public Policy Relevance StatementThis study confirms the county-level relationship between opioid prescription rates and CMR rates across the United States, providing empirical support for federal efforts to address CMR. The relationship intensified over the 2010s, highlighting the urgency of further research and efforts to better understand and reverse this trend. Policy and practice should factor in opioid prescription rates and implement better monitoring and prevention strategies, and holistic, strength-based approaches at the community level may be necessary to reduce opioid-related harms and child maltreatment incidents and reports.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Subgroup-specific Findingsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Possible Explanations For the Community-level Opioid-cmr Rel...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Longitudinal changes in the county-level relationship between opioid prescriptions and child maltreatment reports, United States, 2009–2018.

Kim¹,

Song²,

Windsor³

2023

American Journal of Orthopsychiatry

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“…To date, little is known about drinking on special occasions and parenting behaviors. Parents who only drink on special occasions may experience more impairments to their parenting (Kepple et al., 2022), but this relationship may differ due to the type of special occasion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using ecological momentary assessments to understand how drinking during special occasions relates to parenting behaviors

Freisthler,

Sarabia,

Price Wolf

2023

Alcohol: Clinical and Experimental Research

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BackgroundDrinking on special occasions (e.g., Super Bowl, Christmas) often results in more alcohol consumed. Further, police often report higher levels of crime, such as assaults and domestic violence, on days of major sporting events (e.g., Super Bowl, World Cup). Yet, drinking behaviors of parents during special occasions or large sporting events have not been assessed for their effects on parenting behaviors. Here, we assess the relationship between drinking during the Super Bowl and on Valentine's Day to determine whether they differ.MethodsParticipants, recruited from social media, completed a 40‐min baseline survey and 14 days of three daily Ecological Momentary Assessments (EMAs) about parenting. Two hundred fifty‐five participants (with 684 EMAs) were enrolled on the Super Bowl and 184 (492 EMAs) were enrolled on Valentine's day. Measures of parenting include aggressive, punitive, and nonpunitive discipline and positive techniques. Drinking was assessed on days 7 and 14 of the EMA and corresponded to the EMA time frame during the previous week. Participants were largely White, well‐educated mothers. Data were analyzed using multilevel logistic regression models.ResultsParents who reported drinking on the day of the Super Bowl were more likely to use aggressive discipline (OR = 2.560; 95% CI: 1.308, 5.150) and punitive parenting (OR = 2.701; 95% CI: 1.394, 5.257) during the time that drinking occurred. In contrast, parents who reported drinking on Valentine's Day were less likely to use aggressive discipline (OR = 0.197; 95% CI: 0.077, 0.502).ConclusionsThe differential relationship between drinking and parenting measures could be the result of differing norms or differences in who is present during the special occasions studied here. Identifying and understanding how alcohol use on special occasions contributes to parenting could help to create environments that are most conducive to positive parenting behaviors and reduce harms related to harsh or aggressive parenting.

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Do county mental health, physical health, and care provider availability predict child maltreatment report rates?

Kim¹,

Chiang²,

Song³

et al. 2022

Child Abuse & Neglect

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Substance Use and Child Maltreatment: Providing a Framework for Understanding the Relationship Using Current Evidence

Cited by 5 publications

References 100 publications

Longitudinal changes in the county-level relationship between opioid prescriptions and child maltreatment reports, United States, 2009–2018.

Longitudinal changes in the county-level relationship between opioid prescriptions and child maltreatment reports, United States, 2009–2018.

Using ecological momentary assessments to understand how drinking during special occasions relates to parenting behaviors

Do county mental health, physical health, and care provider availability predict child maltreatment report rates?

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