Substance P

Snijdelaar, D.G.; Dirksen, R.; Slappendel, R.; Crul, B.J.P.

doi:10.1053/eujp.2000.0171

Cited by 118 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…It is thus possible that substance P enhances the excitability of MLR cells by depolarizing them. Depolarizing effects of substance P have been reported in several classes of neurons of different animal species in the past (Le Gal La Salle and Ben-Ari 1977; Ptak et al 2000;Snijdelaar et al 2000;Svensson et al 2002). Compatible with this view, was the increase in amplitude of the synaptic inputs from the MLR to RS cells.…”

Section: Effect Of Substance P On the Mlrmentioning

confidence: 64%

Modulatory Effect of Substance P to the Brain Stem Locomotor Command in Lampreys

Brocard

Bardy

Dubuc

2005

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Brocard, Frédéric, Cédric Bardy, and Réjean Dubuc. Modulatory effect of substance P to the brain stem locomotor command in lampreys. J Neurophysiol 93: 2127-2141, 2005. First published November 17, 2004 doi:10.1152/jn.00401.2004. Substance P initiates locomotion when injected in the brain stem of mammals. This study examined the possible role of this peptide on the supraspinal locomotor command system in lampreys. Substance P was bath applied or locally injected into an in vitro isolated brain stem, and the effects of the drug were examined on reticulospinal cells and on the occurrence of swimming in a semi-intact preparation. Bath applications of substance P induced sustained depolarizations occurring rhythmically in intracellularly recorded reticulospinal cells. Spiking activity was superimposed on the depolarizations and swimming was induced. The sustained depolarizations were abolished by tetrodotoxin, and substance P did not affect the membrane resistance of reticulospinal cells nor their firing properties, suggesting that it did not directly effect reticulospinal cells. To establish where the effects were exerted, successive lesions of the brain stem were made as well as local applications of the drug in the brain stem. Removing the mesencephalon abolished the sustained depolarizations, whereas large ejections of the drug in the mesencephalon excited reticulospinal cells and elicited bouts of swimming. More local injections into the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) also elicited swimming. After an injection of substance P, the current threshold needed to induce locomotion by MLR stimulation was decreased, and the size of the postsynaptic responses of reticulospinal cells to MLR stimulation was increased. Substance P also reduced the frequency of miniature spontaneous postsynaptic currents in reticulospinal cells. Taken together, these results suggest that substance P plays a neuromodulatory role on the brain stem locomotor networks of lampreys.

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Section: Effect Of Substance P On the Mlrmentioning

confidence: 64%

Modulatory Effect of Substance P to the Brain Stem Locomotor Command in Lampreys

Brocard

Bardy

Dubuc

2005

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…Geralmente, a região em torno da lesão também se apresenta hipersensível. A sensibilização de regiões afastadas da lesão ocorre em consequência de um fenômeno central, denominado hiperalgesia secundária (31) . Ao contrario da hiperalgesia primária de causa periférica, a hiperalgesia secundária exprime aumento da atividade do segundo neurônio (na medula espinhal, inº 2 da figura 1) em reação a um estímulo constante.…”

Section: Mecanismos Endógenos De Controle Da Dorunclassified

Poderia a atividade física induzir analgesia em pacientes com dor crônica?

Souza¹

2009

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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A dor crônica caracteriza-se pela persistência do sintoma além do período fisiológico de recuperação do tecido lesado. Essas dores causam incapacidade física e redução da performance cognitiva, reduzem a qualidade de vida e o bem-estar dos pacientes, cujo tratamento proposto contradiz o clássico binômio da terapia da dor aguda (repouso e fármacos). Para a dor crônica prescrevem-se exercícios físicos e sugerem-se tratamentos multidisciplinares. Embora a atividade física seja prescrita há mais de 20 anos, os mecanismos neurofisiológicos envolvidos ainda não são compreendidos. Descrevemos brevemente os mecanismos endógenos de controle da dor crônica e evidências da literatura científica que defendem o sistema opioide como mecanismo de ação na analgesia induzida pelo exercício em indivíduos sadios e atletas. Esse mecanismo também parece agir na população com dor crônica, embora haja controvérsias. Finalizamos o artigo com considerações clínicas para a prescrição do exercício para a população com dor crônica.Palavras-chave: dor crônica, atividade física, mecanismos endógenos de controle da dor. ABSTRACTChronic pain is defined as persistent pain beyond normal tissue healing time. Chronic pain syndromes have a considerable impact on functional capacity, resulting in disrupted work and social activities; therefore, the impact of these syndromes affect the society at large and at a high economic cost. In contrast to rest and pharmacological treatment, multidisciplinary programs with exercises have shown to improve pain and function in chronic pain patients. A number of studies reported analgesia induced by exercise; however, the neurological mechanisms involved are not known yet. To explore this phenomenon, we describe endogenous pain control relating some studies on general population and chronic pain subjects, and we conclude this paper with some clinical consideration to determine optimal intensity of exercise to produce hypoalgesia. Keywords INTRODUÇÃOA dor é uma percepção subjetiva, desagradável e vital. A interpretação do estímulo nocivo protege o organismo através desse sinal de alarme denominado dor (1) . Num contexto temporal, a dor pode ser classificada como aguda ou crônica. A dor aguda está associada a lesão do organismo, é de curta duração e desaparece com a cicatrização dessa lesão, por exemplo dor pós-operatória. A dor crônica, por sua vez, é persistente ou recorrente e não está necessariamente associada a uma lesão no organismo. A cronificação da dor pode ser de causa desconhecida. Em sua classificação, consideram-se crônicas aquelas em que o sintoma se mantém além do tempo fisiológico de cicatrização de determinada lesão, ou por permanecer por mais de três meses (2)(3)(4) , por exemplo, as síndromes dolorosas como lombalgias crônicas ou fibromialgia.Estima-se que, mundialmente, 80% das consultas médicas devamse à presença da dor (5) . Um recente estudo brasileiro demonstra que 75% dos pacientes que consultam serviços públicos de saúde relatam a presença de dor crônica (6) . A alta prevalência da dor crô...

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“…3 It binds preferentially to the neurokinin type 1 receptor (NK1r). 4 Release of SP in the spinal cord dorsal horn is associated with enhanced synaptic transmission, whereas its release at the periphery gives rise to neurogenic inflammation. 5,6 Thus, the DRG neurons have been labelled as 'Bidirectional nociceptors'.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 Involvement of SP at the level of superficial laminae (Rexed's laminae I-II) of the spinal cord is well established in animal models of nociception. 4,14,15 Among the various preclinical pain models, the hind paw incision model is representative of postoperative pain. 16 Postincisional nociception is evaluated by guarding behaviour, mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of neurokinin type 1 receptor in nociception at the periphery and the spinal level in the rat

et al. 2015

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Objectives: Noxious stimuli activate small to medium-sized dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Intense noxious stimuli result in the release of substance P (SP) from the central terminals of these neurons. It binds to the neurokinin type 1 receptor (NK1r) and sensitises the dorsal horn neurons. SP is also released from the peripheral terminals leading to neurogenic inflammation. However, their individual contribution at spinal and peripheral levels to postincisional nociception has not been delineated as yet. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were administered different doses (3-100 μg) of an NK1r antagonist (L760735) by intrathecal (i.t.) route before hind paw incision. On the basis of its antinociceptive effect on guarding behaviour, the 30 μg dose was selected for further study. In different sets of animals, this was administered i.t. (postemptive) and intrawound (i.w.). Finally, in another group, drug (30 μg) was administered through both i.t and i.w. routes. The antinociceptive effect was assessed and compared. Expression of SP was examined in the spinal cord. Intrawound concentration of SP and inflammatory mediators was also evaluated. Results: Postemptive i.t. administration significantly attenuated guarding and allodynia. Guarding was alone decreased after i.w. drug treatment. Combined drug administration further attenuated all nociceptive parameters, more so after postemptive treatment. Expression of SP in the spinal cord decreased post incision but increased in the paw tissue. Inflammatory mediators like the nerve growth factor also increased after incision. Conclusion: In conclusion, SP acting through the NK1r appears to be an important mediator of nociception, more so at the spinal level. These findings could have clinical relevance.

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Substance P

Cited by 118 publications

References 153 publications

Modulatory Effect of Substance P to the Brain Stem Locomotor Command in Lampreys

Modulatory Effect of Substance P to the Brain Stem Locomotor Command in Lampreys

Poderia a atividade física induzir analgesia em pacientes com dor crônica?

Role of neurokinin type 1 receptor in nociception at the periphery and the spinal level in the rat

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