Substance P-induced nerve growth factor release is down-regulated by serotonin in serum-free cultured osteoarthritis macrophage-like synovial cells

The evolution of nerve growth factor inhibition in clinical medicine

“…CD3 + T cells and CD14 + monocytes and macrophages from RA synovial fluid stain positive for NGF 43 , and NGF expression co-localizes with fibroblasts and some macrophages in synovium from patients with OA 44 . In vitro, substance P induces NGF overexpression both alone and in combination with IL-1β in OA synovial cells cultured in serum-free media 45 Pre-clinical studies show a reduction of thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia following administration of NGF antisera 108…”