Substance P Concentration in Saliva of Patients who Report Dental Pain

Ahmad, Maha; Williams, Jay; Al-Abbousi, Reem; Wheater, Michelle

doi:10.1177/2229411220140202

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The substance P level was higher in patients who had dental pain compared with patients who had no dental pain. [ 5 ] High level of substance P and Glutamate in saliva has been reported in patients having high-intensity chronic migraine pain. [ 6 ] High concentration of glutamate production within the posterior insula causes enhanced glutaminergic neurotransmission and this correlates with individual pain sensitivity and this may contribute a part to the pathophysiology of Fibromyalgia and central pain augmentation syndrome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Invasive Objective Markers to Measure Pain: A Direction to Develop a Pain Device - A Narrative Review

Shekhar

Choudhary

Rathore

et al. 2023

IJPC

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Objective: To review the literature regarding non-invasive objective measurements of pain. Measuring pain is of uttermost importance, but it can be an inconvenient task, especially in terms of the interpretation of patient’s information. Reiterating, there is no “standard” that provides the physician with a method to objectively quantify this problem of patient’s pain. For assessing the pain, physician relies solely on unidimensional assessment tools or questionnaire-based pain assessment. Although pain is a subjective experience of the patient, but there is a need to measure pain sometimes in the individuals who cannot communicate their quality and severity of pain. Material and Methods: The articles from PubMed and Google Scholar without any year and age limit were searched in the current narrative review. A total of 16 markers were searched and their relation to pain was studied. Results: Studies have shown that these markers change in relation to pain and it can be considered a valuable tool for pain measurement but there are multiple factors like psychological and emotional factors which affect these markers. Conclusion: There is lack of evidence to show which marker can be used for measuring pain accurately. This narrative review is an attempt to look into the various pain-related markers that can be used and it calls for further studies including clinical trials with different diseases and taking into accounts different factors affecting pain to give an accurate measurement of pain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Invasive Objective Markers to Measure Pain: A Direction to Develop a Pain Device - A Narrative Review

Shekhar

Choudhary

Rathore

et al. 2023

IJPC

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“…According to Ahmad,[ 16 ] salivary substance P is higher in inflammatory condition that can potentially impact dental pain. The salivary substance P level is more in the female patient with inflammatory condition rather than male patient.…”

Section: R Esults and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postoperative healing after surgical removal of mandibular third molar: A comparative study between two proteolytic enzymes

Kumar¹,

Prasanna²,

Kirubanandan

et al. 2020

J Pharm Bioall Sci

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A BSTRACT Objective: The postoperative symptoms after third molar removal surgery were commonly uneventful. The aim of this study was to compare two proteolytic enzymes from different origin and to prove which enzyme provides a faster healing. One of the proteolytic enzymes involves a combination with a flavonoid. This involves trypsin, bromelain, along with a flavonoid rutin. Another proteolytic enzyme is serratiopeptidase that helps in degradation of insoluble proteins causing reduced swelling in the operated site. Materials and Methods: In this study, voluntary subjects of clinically indicated bilateral lower third impaction were selected. The subjects were recommended to undergo extraction of impacted teeth in two sittings, one extraction per visit. In the first sitting, subjects were prescribed trypsin, bromelain, and rutin combination after removal of 48 teeth and in the second sitting subjects were prescribed serratiopeptidase after removal of 38 teeth. There was a time interval of 2–3 weeks in between the sittings. The post findings such as mouth opening, swelling, and pain scale were noted. Results: The results showed that the proteolytic enzyme combination of trypsin, bromelain, and rutin is better than serratiopeptidase. Conclusion: It is recommended that trypsin, bromelain, and rutin combination can be used effectively for postoperative purpose to facilitate wound healing.

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“…Therefore, this is the first study to evaluate the effect of endodontic treatment on SP and CGRP levels in human saliva, and a direct comparison with other studies is not possible. In a previous study, SP levels in the saliva of patients with dental pain were compared to those of patients without pain, and the salivary concentrations of SP were reported to be significantly higher in patients with dental pain than in patients without pain [ 31 ]. Although SP levels in human saliva before and after endodontic treatment were not evaluated in that study, its results are consistent with the results of the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have evaluated the levels of neuropeptides such as SP and CGRP in the saliva in various pain conditions [ 12 13 14 31 41 ]. It The salivary level of SP in patients with tension‐type headaches during active headache periods has been reported to be significantly higher than that in healthy controls [ 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It The salivary level of SP in patients with tension‐type headaches during active headache periods has been reported to be significantly higher than that in healthy controls [ 41 ]. Salivary SP concentrations have also been shown to be higher in patients with dental pain than in those without such pain [ 31 ]. In light of the results of these studies and of the present study, we conclude that the levels of neuropeptides in saliva may be diagnostic parameters that help detect the type or the location of pain in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of endodontic treatment on salivary levels of CGRP and substance P: a pilot study

Arslan¹,

Yıldız

Köseoğlu

2020

Restor Dent Endod

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Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of endodontic treatment on levels of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the saliva of patients with symptomatic apical periodontitis. Materials and Methods Twelve patients with mandibular molars with symptomatic apical periodontitis were enrolled in this study. An initial saliva sample was collected just before administration of anesthesia for root canal treatment, which was performed at the first visit. A second saliva sample was collected at a control visit 1 week after treatment. Salivary SP and CGRP levels were evaluated quantitatively using biochemical assays. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis, the paired samples t -test, and the Mann-Whitney U test ( p = 0.05). Results The postoperative salivary level of SP was significantly lower than the preoperative level ( p = 0.005). However, the postoperative salivary level of CGRP was similar to the preoperative level ( p = 0.932). Visual analog scale (VAS) scores of patients' subjective pain were found to be positively correlated with salivary levels of SP ( r = 0.421; p = 0.040). No statistically significant correlations were observed between salivary levels of CGRP and VAS scores for patients' subjective percussion tenderness ( p = 0.533) or VAS scores for patients' subjective pain ( p = 0.459). Conclusions According to the results of the present study, salivary SP levels may be used as an objective indicator in the diagnosis and assessment of the degree of pain in endodontic diseases. Trial Registration Thai Clinical Trials Registry Identifier: TCTR20161228001

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Substance P Concentration in Saliva of Patients who Report Dental Pain

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

Non-Invasive Objective Markers to Measure Pain: A Direction to Develop a Pain Device - A Narrative Review

Non-Invasive Objective Markers to Measure Pain: A Direction to Develop a Pain Device - A Narrative Review

Postoperative healing after surgical removal of mandibular third molar: A comparative study between two proteolytic enzymes

Effects of endodontic treatment on salivary levels of CGRP and substance P: a pilot study

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