Substance misuse and community supervision: A systematic review of the literature

Sirdifield, Coral; Brooker, Charlie; Marples, Rebecca

doi:10.1016/j.fsiml.2020.100031

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This small group of 20 outcome measures/measurement tools, laid out in Table 1, has been reported in 15 studies since 2004. This is an indication of how little research has been undertaken in the field of probation and mental health world-wide as these findings chime with the results of three systematic reviews of mental health, suicide and substance misuse recently reported (Brooker et al, 2020;Sirdifield et al, 2020aSirdifield et al, , 2020b.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Identifying mental illness and monitoring mental health in probation service settings

Brooker

Sirdifield

Parkhouse

2022

European Journal of Probation

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There is a need to improve a) identification and monitoring of people with mental illness on probation and b) understanding of the impact of interventions on mental health outcomes for the probation population. If data were routinely collected using validated screening tools and shared between agencies, this could inform practice and commissioning decisions, and ultimately it could improve health outcomes for people under supervision. The literature was reviewed to identify brief screening tools and outcome measures that have been used in prevalence and outcome studies conducted with adults on probation in Europe. This paper shares findings from the UK-based studies in which 20 brief screening tools and measures were identified. Recommendations are made based on this literature regarding suitable tools for use in probation to routinely identify a need for contact with mental health and/or substance misuse services and to measure change in mental health outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Identifying mental illness and monitoring mental health in probation service settings

Brooker

Sirdifield

Parkhouse

2022

European Journal of Probation

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“…Men are disproportionately in contact with the CJS with 88% of those under probation supervision being men (Ministry of Justice, 2022a ), and men in the general population are at three times higher risk than women to die from both homicide and suicide (Office for National Statistics, 2022b ). Other known risk factors for premature deaths include unmet physical and mental health needs (Brooker et al, 2014 ; Sirdifield et al, 2020a ), poverty, family conflict, violent offending (Guy, 2010 ; Zhong et al, 2021 ), and substance misuse issues (Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Probation, 2020 ; Sirdifield et al, 2020b ). Drug and alcohol misuse has been identified in around half of people under probation supervision (Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Probation, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The community sentence population are demographically largely similar to those under post-custody release, but meaningful differences in mortality risk may be obscured when studies combine, instead of compare, these populations as “the probation population” (e.g., Biles et al, 1999 ; Pritchard et al, 1997 ; Sirdifield et al, 2020a , b ). There are potential distinctions between these groups, such as the situationally different stressors of the custody-to-community transition versus serving a sentence while maintaining, to some degree, the status quo of one’s life in the community (Phillips et al, 2019b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deaths among adults under supervision of the England and Wales’ probation services: variation in individual and criminal justice-related factors by cause of death

Slade,

Justice,

Martijn

et al. 2024

Health Justice

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Background The mortality rate among people under probation supervision in the community is greater than that among incarcerated people and that among the general population. However, there is limited research on the distinct vulnerabilities and risks underlying the causes of death in this population. In this retrospective cohort study, we examined the individual and criminal justice-related factors associated with different causes of death. Factors were assessed in relation to the type of supervision, distinguishing between those under post-custodial release and those serving a community sentence. Results The study utilised the official data held by His Majesty’s Prison and Probation Service in England and Wales on the deaths of men and women under probation supervision between 01 April 2019 and 31 March 2021 where the cause of death had been definitively recorded (n = 1770). The high risk of deaths primarily caused by external factors (i.e., suspected suicide (10%), homicide (5%), and drug-related death (26%)) in this population was confirmed. A Gaussian Graphical Model (GGM) demonstrated unique relationships with suspected suicide and drug-related deaths for known suicide risk, history of drug use and recent (< 28 days of death) enforcement action due to a breach of probation conditions. Our findings suggest that that familial violence and abuse may be relevant in suicide and drug-related deaths and that minority groups may experience disproportional risk to certain types of death. Conclusions This study identified unique risk indicators and modifiable factors for deaths primarily caused by external factors in this population within the health and justice spheres. It emphasised the importance of addressing health inequalities in this population and improved joint-working across health and justice. This involves ensuring that research, policies, training, and services are responsive to the complex needs of those under probation supervision, including those serving community sentences. Only then can we hope to see lower rates of death within this population.

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“…Addictive substances are very diverse, and their use is a legal problem and causes widespread social problems all over the world [1]. Probation, which is one of the legal consequences of crimes related to substance use, is a judicial sanction model in which the education and other supports needed by an individual at any stage of the judicial process are provided within the framework of a legal legislation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Early Maladaptive Schemas and Coping Strategies in Turkish Adults under Probation

Gulder Altuner,

Yararbas

2024

Health & Social Care in the Community

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Purpose. The aim of the study was to examine the relationships of early maladaptive schemas, overcompensation, and avoidant behaviors with sociodemographic, psychological, legal, and substance use status of individuals under probation due to illicit substance use. Methods. The data of this cross-sectional study were collected from adults under probation through self-report. The dependent variables were early maladaptive schemas, overcompensation, and avoidant behaviors. Sociodemographic, legal, and psychological characteristics and characteristics related to illicit substance use were the independent variables of the study. Student-t test and ANOVA or Mann–Whitney-U and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used in bivariate analyses. Multiple linear regression analysis was used in multivariate analyses. Results. A total of 300 adult individuals under probation participated in the study, and the inclusion rate was 93.5%. The mean age of the study group was 27.96 ± 6.40 years. The amount of smoking (B = 0.65 (95% CI: 0.04–1.27), p=0.038), frequency of illicit substance use (B = 12.15 (95% CI: 2.04–22.25), p=0.019), and childhood violence (B = 29.24 (95% CI: 16.92–41.56), p<0.001) were explanatory for schema scores (R2: 0.240). Frequency of illicit substance use (B = 7.06 (95% CI: 0.58–13.54), p=0.033) and childhood violence (B = 9.18 (95% CI: 1.36–17.00), p=0.022) were explanatory for compensation scores (R2: 0.083). The amount of smoking (B = 0.49 (95% CI: 0.22–0.76), p=0.001), frequency of illicit substance use (B = 5.16 (95% CI: 0.67–9.65), p=0.025), being treated for substance use disorder (B = 6.74 (95% CI: 0.30–13.17), p=0.040), and experiencing violence in childhood (B = 6.02 (95% CI: 0.59–11.45), p=0.030) were explanatory for avoidant scores (R2:0.169). Conclusion. Childhood violence and frequency of illicit substance use were associated with early maladaptive schemas, overcompensation, and avoidance. Smoking appears to be a behavioral way of coping with both early maladaptive schemas and schemas through avoidance.

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Substance misuse and community supervision: A systematic review of the literature

Cited by 9 publications

References 45 publications

Identifying mental illness and monitoring mental health in probation service settings

Identifying mental illness and monitoring mental health in probation service settings

Deaths among adults under supervision of the England and Wales’ probation services: variation in individual and criminal justice-related factors by cause of death

Investigation of Early Maladaptive Schemas and Coping Strategies in Turkish Adults under Probation

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