Substance and bias in social desirability responding

Pauls, Cornelia A.; Stemmler, Gerhard

doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(02)00187-3

Cited by 98 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Selecting both could be a calculated attempt to be portrayed in a more favourable light, through the provision of a more socially desirable response (Pauls & Stemmler, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, rather than reflect these true thoughts or feelings (Grimm, 2010), attitudes, preferences or beliefs (Heerwig & McCabe, 2009), the need for approval (Leite & Beretvas, 2005) results in socially desirable responses (Pauls & Stemmler, 2003). The difference between the expression of socially responsible attitudes and actions is often referred to as the attitude-behaviour gap .…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ethics and influences in tourist perceptions of climate change

Hindley

Font

2014

Current Issues in Tourism

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Ethical decisions to visit disappearing destinations are self-serving and influences feed into self-interest. Data was collected from a sample of pre, during and post visit tourists to Venice and Svalbard, using expressive techniques and scenarios using the HuntVitell Model to understand ethical decisions, and the constructive technique and collage to understand influences. The results show that travel decisions are driven by individual selfishness, and any threat to freedom (i.e. the right to travel) is underplayed. The preferred scenario for long term benefit for planet and people is via short-term economic and social negative impacts on the destination's locals, rather than the tourists' own experience. Respondents believe that they are blameless for their purchasing habits as they lack perceived behavioural control, and instead corporations ought to be providing sustainable products as the norm and not sell products that harm.In the scenarios where respondents express concern for the locals in a disappearing destination (i.e. if we don't visit, they will not benefit from our expenditure) could be driven by individual selfishness to visit, rather than an altruistic act to provide support.Theoretical and policy implications are discussed.

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“…Selecting both could be a calculated attempt to be portrayed in a more favourable light, through the provision of a more socially desirable response (Pauls & Stemmler, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethics and influences in tourist perceptions of climate change

Hindley

Font

2014

Current Issues in Tourism

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“…Similarly, Brody, Veit, and Rau (1997) found that IM was inversely related to the heart rate change elicited by a mental stressor. Other studies have also found negative, null, or ambiguous (i.e., negative or null on some but not all indices) physiological stress reactions (heart rate, cortisol level, skin conductance reactivity) among individuals high in IM under stress manipulations (Blackhart et al, 2007;Feldman, Lehrer, Hochron, & Schwartz, 2002;Mente & Helmers, 1999;Movius & Allen, 2005;Najström & Jansson, 2006;Pauls & Stemmler, 2003;Tomaka, Blascovich, & Kelsey, 1992). Fewer studies have reported that IM was positively associated with stress reactions (King, Taylor, Albright, & Haskell, 1990;Nyklicek, Vingerhoets, Van Heck, & Van Limpt, 1998;Warrenburg et al,1989) 2 .…”

Section: Healthmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Holden and Fekken (1989) associated social desirability with interpersonal sensitivity. McCrae and Costa (1983) suggested that IM represents friendliness, emotional stability, and self-control (see also Pauls & Stemmler, 2003;Piedmont et al, 2000). Others have argued that IM reflects high levels of self-esteem (Borkenau & Ostendorf, 1992) and a trait that contributes to happiness and enhances well-being (Diener et al, 1991).…”

Section: The Adjustment Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eysenck et al, 1985;Graziano & Tobin, 2002;J. Hogan et al, 2007;Konstabel et al, 2006;Kurtz, Tarquini, & Iobst, 2008;Li & Bagger, 2006;Lönnqvist, Paunonen, et al, 2007;Maltby et al, 2001;McCrae, 1986;McCrae & Costa 1983;McKelvie, 2004;Ones et al, 1996;Paulhus, 1998;Paulhus & Reid, 1991;Pauls & Crost, 2004;Pauls & Stemmler, 2003;D.B. Smith & Ellingson, 2002;H.L.…”

Section: What Impression Management Scales Measure: Empirical Evidencmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rethinking Social Desirability Scales

Uziel

2010

Perspect Psychol Sci

272

135

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Social desirability (specifically, impression management) scales are widely used by researchers and practitioners to screen individuals who bias self-reports in a self-favoring manner. These scales also serve to identify individuals at risk for psychological and health problems. The present review explores the evidence with regard to the ability of these scales to achieve these objectives. In the first part of the review, I present six criteria to evaluate impression management scales and conclude that they are unsatisfactory as measures of response style. Next, I explore what individual differences in impression management scores actually do measure. I compare two approaches: a defensiveness approach, which argues that these scales measure defensiveness that stems from vulnerable self-esteem, and an adjustment approach, which suggests that impression management is associated with personal well-being and interpersonal adjustment. Data from a wide variety of fields including social behavior, affect and wellbeing, health, and job performance tend to favor the adjustment approach. Finally, I argue that scales measuring impression management should be redefined as measures of interpersonally oriented self-control that identify individuals who demonstrate high levels of self-control, especially in social contexts.

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Negative intergroup contact is more influential, but positive intergroup contact is more common: Assessing contact prominence and contact prevalence in five Central European countries

Graf

Паолини

Rubin

2014

Euro J Social Psych

221

278

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The present research tested the idea that the ecological impact of intergroup contact on outgroup attitudes can be fully understood only when relative frequency and relative influence of positive and negative contact are considered simultaneously. Participants from five European countries (Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Poland and Slovakia; N = 1276) freely described their contact experiences with people of neighboring nationalities and then reported on their outgroup attitudes. Contact descriptions were coded for positive versus negative valence and for person versus situation framing. Consistently across the five participant groups, positive intergroup contact was reported to occur three times more frequently than negative intergroup contact; however, positive contact was found to be only weakly related to outgroup attitudes. On the contrary, the less frequent negative (vs. positive) contact was comparatively more influential in shaping outgroup attitudes, especially when negativity was reported around the contact person, rather than the contact situation. This research's findings reconcile contrasting lines of past research on intergroup contact and suggest that the greater prevalence of positive contact may compensate for the greater prominence of negative contact, thus leading to modest net improvements in outgroup attitudes after intergroup contact.Our research aimed to reconcile the opposing outlooks on intergroup contact of past studies by advancing an analysis that encompasses both frequency and influence of positive versus Influential negative but more common positive contact 537

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Substance and bias in social desirability responding

Cited by 98 publications

References 15 publications

Ethics and influences in tourist perceptions of climate change

Ethics and influences in tourist perceptions of climate change

Rethinking Social Desirability Scales

Negative intergroup contact is more influential, but positive intergroup contact is more common: Assessing contact prominence and contact prevalence in five Central European countries

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