“…Harwood, Kowalski, and Ameen (2004) reviewed the literature and found only two studies of clinical psychology training programs that involved substance abuse training. Chiert, Gold, and Taylor (1994) found that only 38% of APA-accredited doctoral psychologytraining programs offered a course on substance abuse, and Aanavi, Taube, Ja, and Duran (1999) found that only 1 of 10 randomly selected training programs offered an elective course on substance abuse. Harwood et al (2004), reporting results from a national study of substance abuse training for different mental health professionals, found that psychologists reported between 15% (private practice) and 21% (health organizations) of their cases had either a primary or secondary SUD, with about two-thirds being secondary.…”