Substance abuse: prevalence in a sample of nursing students

Ahmadi, Jamshid; Maharlooy, Najmeh; Alishahi, Mohammadjavad

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2702.2003.00841.x

Cited by 58 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…According to our study, a minority of drugdependent people had initiated drug use by cannabis. This is in line with the reports regarding the low prevalence of cannabis use in Iran (Ahmadi, Arabi, & Mansouri, 2003;Ahmadi & Ghanizadeh, 2000;Ahmadi & Hasani, 2003;Ahmadi, Maharlooy, & Alishahi, 2004;Day, Nassirimanesh, Shakeshaft, & Dolan, 2006;Meimandi, Nakhaee, Divsalar, & Dabiri, 2005). High proportion of initiation of substance use with opiate among Iranians may probably be due to the fact that opiate is the most used drug in this country, which increases the rate of encounter to opium as the first drug in the environment and a high rate of offer than other drugs.…”

Section: Drug Initiation Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 87%

Initiation to the First Drug Use Among Substance-Dependent Persons in Iran

Daneshmandan

Narenjiha

Tehrani³

et al. 2011

Substance Use & Misuse

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the present study, we report the initiation to the first drug in a representative sample of drug dependents in Iran. This is a cross-sectional study with a sample size of 7,743. The participants were characterized as drug dependents according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-Fourth Edition and were sampled from the medical centers, prisons, and streets of the capitals of 29 provinces in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The mean age at first drug use in the sample was 21.1 (6.5), which differed for various first drugs of abuse. Opium was the first drug of use among 46.4% of the sample, and cannabis was the first drug only among 23.5%. The most frequent place of initiation was at a friend's house (n = 2,476, 33.2%). The same-gender friend out of school (the highest rate) was the most frequent person who suggested the first use. A total of 43.5% of the participants started drug use with friends and 18.8% at a friend's party. Policymakers may benefit from considering the information provided here in designing programs with the purpose of prevention.

show abstract

Section: Drug Initiation Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 87%

Initiation to the First Drug Use Among Substance-Dependent Persons in Iran

Daneshmandan

Narenjiha

Tehrani³

et al. 2011

Substance Use & Misuse

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Besides the controversial findings of the studies cited here, their results might not be applicable for other cultural settings because the response pattern to sensitive questions in each community is highly dependent on cultural context of that community. In Iran, there has been a number of investigations that have assessed sensitive behaviors in specific subgroups such as ecstasy use in university students (8), sexual experience among unmarried adolescent (9), and substance use among high school girls, and nursing students (10, 11) using self-administered questionnaires. Moreover, we found that some studies used face-to-face interviews to investigate the prevalence of high-risk behaviors (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Three Interview Methods on Response Pattern to Sensitive and Non-Sensitive Questions

Haghdoost

Baneshi

Eybpoosh

et al. 2013

Iran Red Crescent Med J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundTo get more precise responses when gathering information about sensitive topics such as drug use, it is important to use the most optimal method.ObjectivesThis study was carried out to address the impact of three interview methods (street-based, household, and telephone interviews) on response pattern to sensitive and non-sensitive questions in terms of participation, disclosure and discontinuing rates.Patients and MethodsWe selected three culturally diverse major cities of Iran. Then, we randomly selected 300 subjects, 100 for each type of interview, from each major city (899 in total). For street-based interviews only pedestrians who were walking alone were recruited, for household interviews only one individual from each house participated (3-4 houses in each alley were selected), and for telephone interviews we selected phone numbers using a random number list. We asked five non-sensitive and five sensitive (related to drug use and sexual contact among their personal network) questions.ResultsFor telephone and household interviews, relative to street-based interviews, participants were less likely to disclose alcohol and drug-related behaviors (Adjusted OR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.60- 0.97) and sexual behaviors among their network (Adjusted OR telephone/street-based = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.39- 1.07 and Adjusted OR household/ street-based = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.33- 0.95). We found that participants who were interviewed via the telephone were more likely (Adjusted OR = 1.24) and those who were interviewed at home were less likely (Adjusted OR = 0.86) to report non-sensitive information compared to participants who were interviewed on the street; however, these findings were not statistically significant. The largest participation rate and the least discontinuation rate were observed for household interviews.ConclusionsIt seems that the methods of interview effect response to both sensitive and non-sensitive questions. We believe that for street-based interviews, respondents may disclose more sensitive information than telephone and household interviews.

show abstract

“…It is also used for enjoyment and elimination of tension [5,6]. Some Iranian patients consume opium for their diabetes, although the reasons and prevalence are not clear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Opium Abuse and Severity of Depression in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundOpium use in diabetic populations is associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). This study was designed to investigate the relationship between opium use and severity of depression in Iranian diabetic patients.MethodsIn this case-control study, 642 type 2 diabetic patients were recruited from those presenting at two outpatient clinics at the Akhavan Hospital in Kashan, Iran; of them, 600 diabetic patients were included in the study and divided into two groups: opium-abusers (150 patients) and non-opium-abusers (450 patients). Clinical and demographic information was obtained through a detailed questionnaire. Depression symptomalogy and severity were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and a corresponding diagnosis was made based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV, Text Revision, 2000 (DSM-IV TR) criteria.ResultsThe mean depression score was higher in the opium abuse group than in the non-abuser group (29.27±1.44 vs. 18.29±1.31, P<0.001). In general, a significant association was found between opium abuse and depression among patients (odds ratio [OR], 4.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.87 to 7.44; P=0.001). No significant relationship was found between dysthymia and opium abuse (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.18 to 1.192; P=0.155), while MDD was significantly higher in the opium abuser group (OR, 7.32; 95% CI, 5.20 to 12.01; P<0.001).ConclusionDepression is more frequent in opium-dependent diabetic patients, and its severity is also greater. Given these findings, opium-dependent diabetic patients should be advised about the increased risks of depression and related comorbidities.

show abstract

Substance abuse: prevalence in a sample of nursing students

Cited by 58 publications

References 7 publications

Initiation to the First Drug Use Among Substance-Dependent Persons in Iran

Initiation to the First Drug Use Among Substance-Dependent Persons in Iran

Comparison of Three Interview Methods on Response Pattern to Sensitive and Non-Sensitive Questions

Relationship between Opium Abuse and Severity of Depression in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About