Substance Abuse: Inhalant‐Related Disorders

Sharp, Charles; Rosenberg, Neil L.; Beauvais, Fred

doi:10.1002/9780470515167.ch61

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 257 publications

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“…This article is based upon two recent empirical reviews undertaken by Cruz and colleagues (Bowen, Batis, Paez-Martinez, & Cruz, 2006;Cruz & Bowen, 2008), and Ridenour, 2005;Sharp, Rosenberg, & Beauvais, 2008, as well as a recent Medline literature search (1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010) using the terms "inhalants," "solvents," "toluene," "effects," "receptors," and "mechanisms of action" in different combinations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Very high concentrations can produce anesthesia, unconsciousness, and even death. Nausea and vomiting can occur at any stage (Brouette & Anton, 2001;Flanagan & Ives, 1994;Lobo, 2004;Sharp et al, 2008;White & Proctor, 1997 The immediate effects of inhaling solvents are similar to the early stages of anesthesia and alcohol intoxication. Low concentrations produce an initial euphoria and excitation caused by suppressing inhibitory brain functions.…”

Section: Acute Effects Of Solventsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Based on these studies, it is generally accepted that toluene is a white matter toxin. Neurotoxicity can be manifested by loss of vision, hearing loss, and lack of coordination, among other effects (Eisenberg, 2003;Sharp et al, 2008;Takagi, Lubman, & Yücel, in this issue).…”

Section: Chronic Effects Of Solventsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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The Latest Evidence in the Neuroscience of Solvent Misuse: An Article Written for Service Providers

Cruz

2011

Substance Use & Misuse

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This work reviews preclinical and clinical studies published during the past two decades on the cellular and behavioral effects of commonly misused solvents. In animals, acute solvent exposure produces motor impairment and antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects. Human intoxication from misusing solvents is similar to that of ethanol; however, hallucinations and sudden sniffing death may occur at high solvent concentrations. Among chronic misusers, there is evidence of impaired memory, increased prevalence of psychiatric disorders, and neurological damage. Solvents facilitate inhibitory neurotransmission and block excitatory mechanisms. Toluene, in particular, increases brain dopamine levels and its effects occur at concentrations that do not dissolve cell membranes; therefore, neuronal damage is not an immediate, unavoidable consequence of solvent misuse.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Acute Effects Of Solventsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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The Latest Evidence in the Neuroscience of Solvent Misuse: An Article Written for Service Providers

Cruz

2011

Substance Use & Misuse

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“…Literatürde uçucu madde kullanımının en çok erkek cinsiyeti ve ergenlerde olduğu konusunda fikir birliği mevcuttur (13)(14)(15). Olgumuz da erkek olup on yedi yaşındadır.…”

Section: Tartışma Ve Sonuçunclassified

Ergenler Arasında Çakmak Gazı Soluma Sonucu Ani Ölüm Olgu Sunumu

Karadeniz¹,

Ketenci²,

Boz³

et al. 2016

Bull Leg Med

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Özetİnhalan maddeler (bazen "uçucu maddeler" olarak da adlandırılırlar) yaygın olarak bulunan, kolaylıkla temin edilebilen ve özellikle ergenler tarafından kötüye kullanılan maddelerdir. İnhalan kötüye kullanımı kültürel ve coğrafi sınırları aşan, dünya çapında bir sağlık sorunudur. Türkiye'de de bu sorunun giderek yaygınlaştığı gözlemlenmektedir. Uçucu maddeleri içeren ürünlerin ucuz olması, temininin yasal yollardan ve kolayca sağlanabilmesi (süpermarket, kırtasiye, ilaç depoları, işyerleri vs), söz konusu maddelerin çabuk etki göstermesi ve istenmeyen bulgularının hızla kaybolması gibi nedenler çocuk ve ergenlerde kullanımını kolaylaştırmaktadır.Arkadaş grubu içerisinde bütan içerikli çakmak gazı dolum tüpünden gaz soluma sonrası ani ölüm meydana gelen on yedi yaşındaki erkek olgu, olay ortamı ve otopsi bulguları ile sunulmaktadır.Bu çalışmada; çocuk ve genç erişkin yaş gruplarında sıklığı giderek artan uçucu maddelerin kötüye kullanım nedenleri ile meydana gelen ölüm olgularında adli otopsinin ölüm nedeninin saptanmasındaki yeri ve öneminin vurgulanması amaçlanmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Çakmak Gazı, Bütan, Uçucu Madde, Ergen, Adli Tıp, Otopsi. AbstractInhalant substances (sometimes called "volatile substances") are widely available and frequently misused, especially by adolescents. Abuse of inhalants is a world-wide problem crossing cultural and geographic borders. It has been observed that inhalant abuse becomes more prevalent in Turkey. Cheapness, easy and legal (supermarkets, drug reservoirs, stationery, commercial buildings) procurement of the products including volatile substances and rapid effect, fast disappearance of unwanted findings makes these substances easier to use in children and adolescents.Here we present autopsy findings and death scene investigation of a sudden death case of a seventeen-year-old male due to inhalation of volatile from butane containing lighter gas tube.In this study, it is intended to emphasize the role and significance of forensic autopsy on the determination of death cases as well as the increasing prevalence of inhalant abuse in adolescent and young adult age groups

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“…Different studies have shown that solvent misuse can produce general cognitive impairment and increase the likelihood of neurobiological abnormalities, including cerebellar atrophy correlated with attention dysfunction, impaired motor control, and memory loss [50,66]. Yet, it is also true that inadequate shelter, lack of control of sewage, limited access to potable water, and crowding increase the likelihood of developmental disabilities.…”

Section: Differential Vulnerabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges to Neuroscience and Public Policy Derived from New Trends and Patterns of Inhalant Misuse

Medina‐Mora

Villatoro²,

Fleiz³

et al. 2014

Journal of Drug and Alcohol Research

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Use of inhalants (solvents, aerosols, gases, and nitrites) is a worldwide practice, mainly among children and adolescents in whom toxic effects are more detrimental than in adults. Inhalant misuse is increasing among young adults linked to new and more attractive presentations; it is more common among those coming from poor communities with high violence and delinquency levels, and also among street children and adolescents. Voluntary inhalant misuse is more frequent among males, but the gender gap is narrowing. The risk of developing dependence is well established, especially if inhalant misuse begins at an early age. Suicidality and comorbidity with psychiatric disorders are also common. Regular users are more likely to show deviant behavior, school truancy, and lower school grades. Family history of antisocial behavior has also been reported. Abuse of nitrites is associated with a higher risk of HIV. In general, abuse of inhalants increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. In spite of this evidence, these substances have received less attention than other misused drugs. This review shows results from epidemiology, psychosocial, and treatment research to draw attention to gaps of knowledge that require the involvement of neurosciences and clinical research and to propose policy options.

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Substance Abuse: Inhalant‐Related Disorders

Cited by 9 publications

References 257 publications

The Latest Evidence in the Neuroscience of Solvent Misuse: An Article Written for Service Providers

The Latest Evidence in the Neuroscience of Solvent Misuse: An Article Written for Service Providers

Ergenler Arasında Çakmak Gazı Soluma Sonucu Ani Ölüm Olgu Sunumu

Challenges to Neuroscience and Public Policy Derived from New Trends and Patterns of Inhalant Misuse

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