“Substance Abuse” Disorders among Runaway and Homeless Youth

Kipke, Michele D.; Montgomery, Susanne; Simon, Thomas R.; Iverson, Ellen

doi:10.3109/10826089709055866

Cited by 160 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…1 Relative to housed youth, these youth are at increased risk for a myriad of health and behavioral health problems, including substance abuse, sexually transmitted diseases, poor mental health outcomes, violence, and victimization. [2][3][4][5] Recent work among homeless adults has suggested that cell phone technology may present unique opportunities for working with transient populations. 6 As cell phones offer connections to others without the physical constraints of permanent dwellings, new communication patterns are feasible for homeless people, including access to social support, case management, and health professionals, which could in turn lead to improved health and behavioral health outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Phone Use among Homeless Youth: Potential for New Health Interventions and Research

2011

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Cell phone use has become nearly ubiquitous among adolescents in the United States. Despite the potential for cell phones to facilitate intervention, research, and care for homeless youth, no data exists to date on cell phone use among this population. In 2009, a survey of cell phone use was conducted among a nonprobability sample of 169 homeless youth in Los Angeles, CA. Levels of ownership and use, instrumental uses (connecting to case workers, employers) and patterns of connecting to various network types were assessed (family, home-based peers, streetbased peers). Differences in socio-demographic characteristics and cell phone ownership were assessed via t test and chi-square statistics. Sixty-two percent of homeless youth own a cell phone; 40% have a working phone. Seventeen percent used their phone to call a case manager, 36% to call either a potential or current employer. Fifty-one percent of youth connected with home-based peers on the phone and 41% connected to parents. Cell phones present new opportunities for intervention research, connecting homeless youth to family and home-based peers who can be sources of social support in times of need. Moreover, cell phones provide researchers and providers with new avenues to maintain connections with these highly transient youth.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Phone Use among Homeless Youth: Potential for New Health Interventions and Research

2011

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“…Overall, the homeless population has a disproportionately higher risk of HIV transmission (Ebner and Laviage, 2003) and substance use (Kipke et al, 1997). Substance abuse has been associated as a risk factor for HIV, both in terms of drug and sexual related risk (Rotheram-Borus et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of HIV Risks among Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Heterosexual Homeless Youth

Gangamma

Slesnick

Toviessi

et al. 2007

J Youth Adolescence

120

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Youth who are homeless and gay, lesbian or bisexual (GLB) are one of the most disenfranchised and marginalized groups in our society. The purpose of this study is to examine and compare HIV in GLB homeless youth with their heterosexual counterparts. Participants for this study included 268 youth involved in treatment outcome studies with substance abusing homeless youth. Results suggest that GLB youth have greater HIV risks and that these risks are greater among bisexual females. In examining the predictors of sexual health risks, survival sex emerged as the most significant. Survival sex was high among females regardless of their sexual orientation and also among gay males. Implications of these findings suggest that a greater emphasis needs to be paid to preventive interventions among this population. KeywordsYouth; Gay; HIV; Homeless One particularly disturbing consequence of being homeless is engaging in behaviors that put oneself at risk for HIV infection. Overall, the homeless population has a disproportionately higher risk of HIV transmission (Ebner and Laviage, 2003) and substance use (Kipke et al., 1997). Substance abuse has been associated as a risk factor for HIV, both in terms of drug and sexual related risk (Rotheram-Borus et al., 2003). In a recent study designed to explore the differences in sexual health risks and protective factors Rew et al. (2005) found that gay and lesbian homeless youth reported being tested and treated for HIV more than the bisexual or heterosexual youth. This was partially supported by a later study (Solorio et al., 2006) that found that gay and bisexual males were more likely to report being tested for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) when compared to heterosexual males and lesbian and bisexual females. While this could imply that gay and lesbian homeless youth are at a greater risk for STIs, there is currently little empirical evidence to show whether differences in HIV risks among heterosexual and gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) youth exist. Such evidence would be helpful in better understanding the needs of these youth and also to better inform intervention strategies. Thus, the purpose of this study was to bridge this gap by comparing the HIV risks among heterosexual and GLB youth in a population of homeless youth.Historically, studies comparing GLB and heterosexual non-homeless youth have been primarily conducted with school-based and community-based samples (Bontempo and D'Augelli, 2002;Faulkner and Cranston, 1998;Lock and Steiner, 1999). Findings suggest that GLB youth have greater rates of depression, more suicide attempts (Fergusson et al., 1999), more risk taking behavior (Garofalo et al., 1998) (Cochran et al., 2002;Noell and Ochs, 2001;Whitbeck et al., 2004). Gender differences have also been noted by some researchers. For instance, Whitbeck and colleagues (2004) in a longitudinal study of homeless and runaway adolescents found that gay males were more likely to have symptoms of internalization when compared to heterosexual males. Lesbian adole...

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“…Moreover, it has been found that the amount of time that youth spend on the street is positively related to both substance use and substance abuse (Kipke, Montgomery, Simon, & Iverson, 1997). It is possible that substance use eases the pain that many of these young people experience as a result of being on the street (Farrow et al, 1992;Kipke, Montgomery, et al, 1997).…”

Section: Hypothesized Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of self‐reported sexually transmitted diseases among homeless and runaway adolescents

Tyler

Whitbeck

Hoyt

et al. 2000

The Journal of Sex Research

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“Substance Abuse” Disorders among Runaway and Homeless Youth

Cited by 160 publications

References 5 publications

Cell Phone Use among Homeless Youth: Potential for New Health Interventions and Research

Cell Phone Use among Homeless Youth: Potential for New Health Interventions and Research

Comparison of HIV Risks among Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Heterosexual Homeless Youth

Predictors of self‐reported sexually transmitted diseases among homeless and runaway adolescents

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