Substance Abuse and Child Maltreatment

Wells, Keith

doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2009.01.006

Cited by 81 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Numerous papers (4,30,71,77,114,116,117,(132)(133)(134)(135)(136) highlight issues associated with child welfare, drug use and methamphetamine manufacturing. Children from homes where there is drug abuse and manufacturing frequently live in squalor, neglect and abuse (69,71,73,135,136) where lack of stimulation, poor nutrition, unsanitary conditions and medical problems associated pre-and post-natal exposure to drugs and chemicals (12,69).…”

Section: Confounding Factors For Evaluating Chronic Effects Of Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Exposures associated with clandestine methamphetamine drug laboratories in Australia

Wright

Edwards

Walker

2016

Reviews on Environmental Health

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AbstractThe clandestine manufacture of methamphetamine in residential homes may represent significant hazards and exposures not only to those involved in the manufacture of the drugs but also to others living in the home (including children), neighbours and first responders to the premises. These hazards are associated with the nature and improper storage and use of precursor chemicals, intermediate chemicals and wastes, gases and methamphetamine residues generated during manufacture and the drugs themselves. Many of these compounds are persistent and result in exposures inside a home not only during manufacture but after the laboratory has been seized or removed. Hence new occupants of buildings formerly used to manufacture methamphetamine may be unknowingly exposed to these hazards. Children are most susceptible to these hazards and evidence is available in the literature to indicate that these exposures may result in immediate and long-term adverse health effects. The assessment of exposure within the home can be undertaken by measuring contaminant levels or collecting appropriate biological data from individuals exposed. To gain a better understanding of the available data and key issues associated with these approaches to the characterisation of exposure, a review of the published literature has been undertaken.

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Section: Confounding Factors For Evaluating Chronic Effects Of Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Exposures associated with clandestine methamphetamine drug laboratories in Australia

Wright

Edwards

Walker

2016

Reviews on Environmental Health

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“…Although most alcohol ingestions in infants and children are unintentional, managing these patients should be a multidisciplinary approach with early involvement of social services to ensure the future safety of the child. Notification of child protective services involves a home safety assessment and review of prior child welfare involvement [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accidental Ethanol Ingestion in a 32 Day Old Infant

Sankhla¹,

Schneider²,

Ghosh³

2017

J Clinic Toxicol

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Alcohol exposure can occur in all age groups but occurs much less commonly in infants. Prior studies have shown that no level of alcohol exposure is safe, and can affect the brain and other areas of development. We report a 32 day old previously healthy male who presented to an outside hospital early morning for "not acting normal". Earlier that morning, mom had fed him 3 ounces of formula mistakenly prepared with a clear liquid thought to be water, but later confirmed to be gin. The baby was mildly agitated on arrival, and the blood alcohol level 4 hrs postingestion was 230 mg/dl. This is one of the youngest documented cases of alcohol ingestion, and was remarkable for having a mild course with normal vital signs and electrolytes, and a non-focal physical exam. This case highlights the importance of having a high level of suspicion for alcohol exposure and a low threshold for checking blood ethanol levels in infants presenting with altered mental status, as there may be no hallmark signs, symptoms, or electrolyte abnormalities. Keywords: Ethanol; Bayley scales; Intoxication CaseWe report a case of a 32 day old previously healthy male who presented to an outside hospital in the early morning with chief complaint of "not acting normal". The mother reported that she woke up at 4am and prepared a 4 ounce bottle of formula with Enfamil and water for the baby, and the baby drank 3 ounces of the formula. Approximately an hour later, she observed that the baby was not acting right [1]. The baby was having excessive oral secretions, shaking his arms up and down, and was agitated. The father later recalled that he had left clear undiluted gin that he had shared with his friend earlier that evening in a disposable water bottle on the nightstand next to the formula powder. Waking up in the middle of the night and mistaking it for water, the mother then used the alcohol while mixing the patient's formula. The patient was immediately taken to an outside hospital.On arrival, the patient was afebrile with a heart rate of 150, respiratory rate of 28, temperature of 97.7, and oxygen saturation of 99%. Initial exam revealed a mildly agitated, somewhat somnolent male who appeared well hydrated. No obvious craniofacial abnormalities suggestive of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Head was atraumatic with a flat anterior fontanelle, and pupils were bilaterally equal, round, and reactive to light. Respirations were nonlabored and lungs were clear to auscultation bilaterally. Cardiac and abdominal exams were normal. Skin was warm and well perfused without bruises or lesions. Review of other systems yielded negative results. The mother denied any alcohol use during pregnancy or post-partum. Initial labs were drawn 3.5 hrs after ingestion of alcohol. His serum electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, bicarbonate, and glucose were within reference ranges. Blood alcohol level at 4 hrs post ingestion was 230 mg/dl and at 5 hrs 15 minutes was 211 mg/dl. Our institution was contacted as a tertiary care referral center and he was subseque...

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“…Infants of substance using mothers are a particularly vulnerable group in our society [1]. Psychosocial factors surrounding mothers prior and throughout pregnancy, the intrauterine environment, the perinatal period and postnatal care are all times of potential risk of harm [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is an extensive body of literature worldwide confirming the strong correlation between substance abuse and child maltreatment [1][2][3]. In keeping with the international research, a recent Australian study reported that maternal disclosure of substance use is greatly associated with increased rates of involvement with statutory child protection services [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Improving Pathways to Assessment and Care for Infants of Substance Abusing Mothers: Are We Getting It Right?

Alexander¹,

Raman²,

Yoong

et al. 2015

Social Sciences

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There is documented correlation between parental substance abuse, child maltreatment, and poor outcomes. In two health districts in Sydney, Australia (Site A and B), specialised clinics were established to provide comprehensive assessments for infants of substance abusing mothers (ISAM). We aimed to determine whether there was a difference in outcomes between infants who attended clinic versus those who did not; and to identify differences in the pathways to care between sites. We analysed child protection reports and available health markers of all ISAM referrals in 2011. We held stakeholder meetings with services involved with ISAM in both sites; to describe service components; strengths and weaknesses of pathways. Fifty-five per cent (11/20) attended clinic in Site A; 80% (25/31) in Site B. Three-quarters of ISAM had at least one referral to child welfare; child protection service involvement was more common in those who attended. Immunisation status was lower than the national Australian average; approximately half were seen by community nursing services. Gaps in services, lack of database, and differences in pathways between sites were identified. Attending clinics correlates with child protection service involvement and may afford health protection. Transparent communication, service integration, and shared learning can improve outcomes for this vulnerable group. Soc. Sci. 2015, 4 193 OPEN ACCESS

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Substance Abuse and Child Maltreatment

Cited by 81 publications

References 49 publications

Exposures associated with clandestine methamphetamine drug laboratories in Australia

Exposures associated with clandestine methamphetamine drug laboratories in Australia

Accidental Ethanol Ingestion in a 32 Day Old Infant

Improving Pathways to Assessment and Care for Infants of Substance Abusing Mothers: Are We Getting It Right?

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