Substance Abuse Among Urban Aboriginals

Jacobs, Kahá:wi J.; Gill, Kathryn

doi:10.1300/j233v01n02_03

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The present study found that the odds of being affected by ASD were associated with Aboriginal ethnicity. These results are not surprising and are entirely consistent with studies of Aboriginal peoples living in urban communities (36, 37). Indeed, tobacco, illicit and prescription drug use disorders are 2–4 times more prevalent among Aboriginal peoples in North America than in the general population (38, 39).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Substance Dependence Among Bipolar, Unipolar Depression and Psychotic Homeless: A Canadian National Study

Maremmani¹,

Bacciardi

Somers

et al. 2018

Front. Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Homeless individuals are often mischaracterized as members of a homogeneous population that suffers from a wide mental health and addiction issues, with little consideration of potentially important differences within or between samples. The aim of the present study was to investigate the comorbidy of alcohol and/or substance dependence (ASD) and major psychiatric diagnoses (bipolar disorder, unipolar depression, and psychotic disorder) in a large Canadian sample of homeless individuals, and to examine potential sources of variability including location and ethnicity.Materials and Methods: A sample of 1,585 homeless individuals were assessed for alcohol and/or substance dependence and bipolar disorder, unipolar depression and psychotic disorder with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (version 6.0). Regional and ethnic differences in major psychiatric diagnoses between homeless with and without ASD were examined using univariate (i.e., chi-square) and multivariate (i.e., logistic regression) statistics.Results: Members of the sample with ASD were found to be younger, Aboriginal, less well-educated, and born in the Americas. They were more significantly more prevalent in Western Canada and less prevalent in Central and Eastern Canada. The odds of having ASD were higher among people affected by bipolar disorder and (to a less extent) unipolar depression.Limitations: Data collected were self-reported and no urinalyses were performed. We considered diagnosis of ASD according to the previous 12 months only.Conclusions: Homeless people with major mental illness are at high risk for concurrent ASD, however the prevalence of ASD varies significantly between cities, and based on ethnicity and specific psychiatric diagnosis (with greater prevalence in individuals affected by bipolar disorder and, to a less extent, unipolar depression). Clinicians, administrators and policy makers should develop and deliver services based on careful assessment of the local population.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Substance Dependence Among Bipolar, Unipolar Depression and Psychotic Homeless: A Canadian National Study

Maremmani¹,

Bacciardi

Somers

et al. 2018

Front. Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, up to 20% of those with a mental health problem were found to be suffering from a concurrent substance use problem (Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse, 2009). Even though these studies (Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse, 2009; Regier et al, 1990) did not include First Nations, Inuit and Métis populations, results parallel the findings from Jacobs and Gill (2002), who included Aboriginal populations. Therefore, such rates may generalize to both populations, highlighting the importance of considering mental health problems when examining substance abuse in First Nations, Inuit and Métis populations.…”

Section: Substance Use Problems Among First Nations Inuit and Métis Populationsmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Mental health was another outcome that was expected to be important for clients, as First Nations, Inuit and Métis populations commonly experience co-occurring mental health problems in addition to problems with substance use (Jacobs & Gill, 2002). Mental health goals for those seeking substance abuse treatment will likely be apparent within the general population, as mental health problems also commonly occur concurrently with substance use problems for non-Aboriginal populations (Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to adverse physical implications of substance use problems, high rates of alcohol and drug use are commonly reported as major contributors to mental health problems among Aboriginal populations (Jacobs & Gill, 2002;Perkins, Sanson-Fisher, Blunden, Lunnay, Redman, & Hensley, 1994;Teasdale, Conigrave, Kiel, Freeburn, Long, & Becker, 2008). Jacobs and Gill (2002) examined substance use in relation to mental health among urban First Nations, Inuit and Métis populations in Montreal. They found that a very large proportion of those who had substance use problems suffered from additional psychological distress (e.g., 28.8% of those who abused substances reported depressive symptoms in comparison to 7.6% of those who did not abuse substances).…”

Section: Substance Use Problems Among First Nations Inuit and Métis Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A realist evaluation of the aboriginal alcohol and drug worker program for urban aboriginal people

Davey¹

2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: There is limited research evaluating addictions programs for Aboriginal people in urban contexts. Objective: The current project aimed to fill this gap by conducting an evaluation of the Aboriginal Alcohol and Drug Worker Program (AADWP), offered at Friendship Centres in Ontario. Methods: A realist approach was used to evaluate the AADWP. Client-targeted focus groups and staff questionnaires were conducted to develop preliminary theories regarding how, for whom and under what circumstances the program helps or does not help clients. Individual interviews were then conducted with clients and caseworkers to test these theories. Results: Mechanisms through which clients achieved their goals were related to client needs, trust, cultural beliefs, willingness, self-awareness, and self-efficacy. Clients’ goals related to sobriety status, renewing relationships, cultural connection and mental health. Client. Staff and setting characteristics were found to moderate development of mechanisms and outcomes. Results were congruent with existing literature.

show abstract

“…Today, many adopted Indigenous people experience intense struggles as they try to come to terms with their Indigenous identities in a society that discriminates against Indigenous peoples, particularly when they are separated from family and communities who share these experiences (Sinclair, 2007;Tait et al, 2013). Although generations of families and communities have resisted and flourished despite colonial forces, the consequences of these practices are extensive (Bombay et al, 2011;Bracken, Deane, & Morrissette, 2009;Fast & Collin-Vézina, 2010;Haskell & Randall, 2009;Jacobs & Gill, 2002). The effects shape all aspects of life, including access to education, employment, parenting, and mental and physical health of those apprehended, members of families from whom children were taken, and subsequent generations (Bombay et al, 2011;Smith et al, 2005).…”

Section: Continuing the Violence Of The Residential School System: Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disrupting the Continuities Among Residential Schools, the Sixties Scoop, and Child Welfare: An Analysis of Colonial and Neocolonial Discourses

McKenzie

Varcoe

Browne

et al. 2016

iipj

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In Canada, it is estimated that 3 times as many Indigenous children are currently in the care of the state compared to when the residential schools' populations were at their peak. It is imperative that action be taken. This article explores the continuities among residential schools, the Sixties Scoop, and child welfare in Canada today. In particular, we examine how colonial and neocolonial discourses operate through and justify these policies and practices. We propose nine policy recommendations, which aim to transform child welfare and support Indigenous families to care for their children. Although transformative policy change is unlikely within this neocolonial and neoliberal climate, the recent change in federal leadership has made it more possible to move these policy recommendations forward.

show abstract

Substance Abuse Among Urban Aboriginals

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

Substance Dependence Among Bipolar, Unipolar Depression and Psychotic Homeless: A Canadian National Study

Substance Dependence Among Bipolar, Unipolar Depression and Psychotic Homeless: A Canadian National Study

A realist evaluation of the aboriginal alcohol and drug worker program for urban aboriginal people

Disrupting the Continuities Among Residential Schools, the Sixties Scoop, and Child Welfare: An Analysis of Colonial and Neocolonial Discourses

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About