The sodium rhodate NaRh 2 O 4 was synthesized for the first time and characterized by neutron and X-ray diffraction studies and measurements of magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, electrical resistivity, and the Seebeck coefficient. NaRh 2 O 4 crystallizes in the CaFe 2 O 4 -type structure, which is comprised of a characteristic RhO 6 octahedral network. The compound is metallic in nature, probably reflecting the 1:1 mixed valence character of Rh(III) and Rh(IV) in the network. For further studies of the compound, the Rh valence was varied significantly by means of an aliovalent substitution: the full-range solid solution between NaRh 2 O 4 and CaRh 2 O 4 was achieved and characterized as well. The metallic state was dramatically altered, and a peculiar magnetism developed in the low Na concentration range.