Subsistence strategies of two Bronze Age hill-top settlements in the eastern Alps—Friaga/Bartholomäberg (Vorarlberg, Austria) and Ganglegg/Schluderns (South Tyrol, Italy)

Schmidl, Alexandra; Oeggl, Klaus

doi:10.1007/s00334-005-0088-5

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…• 3200-2550 BC-cow vetch was found at the site Brensholmen within the Arctic circle in northern Norway (Vorren 2005). • 1600-1500 BC-tiny and four-seed vetches were present among the weeds on the middle Bronze Age fields at the sites of Friaga in Austria and Ganglegg in South Tyrol in Italy (Schmidl and Oeggl 2005). • 600-400 BC-Tiny vetch accompanied the cultivation lentil, pea, faba bean and other grain legumes and cereals in various sites in modern southern Germany (Stika 1999).…”

Section: Cultivation and Enhancementmentioning

confidence: 98%

Presence of vetches (Vicia spp.) in agricultural and wild floras of ancient Europe

Mikić

2016

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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Vetches (Vicia spp.) were part of the everyday diet of the modern human Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers at the end of the last Ice Age. Among the major criteria to determine the domestication in vetches and other ancient grain legumes are nondehiscent pods, larger seed size and smooth seed coat. The seeds of bitter vetch [V. ervilia (L.) Willd.] were found among both the earliest findings of wild collected plants from Early Pre-Pottery Neolithic, from 12th millennium BC cal and the storages of domesticated crops of the Near East Neolithic. Vetches entered Europe in its south-east regions and progressed into its interior via Danube. Archaeological findings offer nice examples that confirm the importance vetches had in the primeval agriculture in Europe and its adjacent regions. Apart from the samples of cultivated vetches used either for food or feed or both, there is rich archaobotanical evidence on the wild and weedy vetch species in diverse European ecosystems. Recently the first known success has been obtained in the extraction of ancient DNA from charred bitter vetch seeds. The future research on this subject certainly must make a more detailed map of the paths of the vetch distribution over Europe and, especially, its long-term and essentially important ties with their domestication and distribution in Asia Minor, Near East and North Africa. The initiated research on the vetch ancient DNA should bring more light onto the individual steps of the earliest days of vetch crops. The preliminary historical linguistic analysis assessed two Proto-Indo-European roots associated with vetches, *erEg w (h)-denoting pea, and *weik-meaning to avoid, initially gave the Latin vincīre, meaning to bind, and then vicia, denoting vetches in general. This multidisciplinary approach will hopefully be a useful reminder how widespread and important vetches used to be, as well as a tool for their re-introduction as presently neglected crops into the contemporary European agriculture.

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Section: Cultivation and Enhancementmentioning

confidence: 98%

Presence of vetches (Vicia spp.) in agricultural and wild floras of ancient Europe

Mikić

2016

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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“…The faba bean (Vicia faba) is the legume that was found in all the surrounding countries and it was labeled with the mark xxx (1000-10 000) at Kalnik-Igrišče, as it is in a similar Italian site; Ganglegg/Schluderns [24]. It is interesting to note that in Hungary Vicia faba was recorded only rarely (less than 10 findings).…”

Section: A Comparison Of Findings From the Kalnik-igrišče Site With Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

The botanical macroremains from the prehistoric settlement Kalnik-Igrišče (NW Croatia) in the context of current knowledge about cultivation and plant consumption in Croatia and neighboring countries during the Bronze Age

et al. 2015

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This paper presents the results of the first extensive archaeobotanical research into a Bronze Age site in Croatia. The aim of the study was to reveal what plants were consumed (grown) at Kalnik-Igrišče (NW Croatia) in the Bronze Age and to realize if the plant diet of the local population differed from that of the inhabitants in neighboring countries.The results show that all plant macrofossils found at Kalnik-Igrišče can be classified into one of four functional groups: cereals, cultivated legumes, useful trees and weeds. As much as 98% of the findings are of cereals and legumes. The most abundant species found are Panicum miliaceum (millet), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Vicia faba (faba bean), Triticum aestivum ssp. aestivum (bread wheat), Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccon (emmer wheat) and Lens culinaris (lentils). The findings from Kalnik-Igrišče do not differ from the findings of neighboring countries, indicating that there were similar diets and agricultural/plant-collecting activities throughout the whole of the studied area

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“…A high portion of potentially collected fruits is not particularly common in the prehistoric objects in Central Europe in a dry condition (for a culturally connected situation e.g. Fröhlich et al 2004;Schmidl, Oeggl 2005;Wiethold, Wähnert 2008). A similar structure of grown plants was also found in other South Bohemian localities of that period (Planá near České Budějovice, Dub-Javornice in the Prachatice region; preliminary see Šálková 2011).…”

Section: The Economic Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Environmental Methods for Studying the Fortification, Economic System and Natural Environment of a Hillfort from the Beginning of the Middle Bronze Age at Vrcovice, Czech Republic

Hlásek¹,

Houfková²,

Kovačíková³

et al. 2014

IANSA

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Subsistence strategies of two Bronze Age hill-top settlements in the eastern Alps—Friaga/Bartholomäberg (Vorarlberg, Austria) and Ganglegg/Schluderns (South Tyrol, Italy)

Cited by 26 publications

References 5 publications

Presence of vetches (Vicia spp.) in agricultural and wild floras of ancient Europe

Presence of vetches (Vicia spp.) in agricultural and wild floras of ancient Europe

The botanical macroremains from the prehistoric settlement Kalnik-Igrišče (NW Croatia) in the context of current knowledge about cultivation and plant consumption in Croatia and neighboring countries during the Bronze Age

The Use of Environmental Methods for Studying the Fortification, Economic System and Natural Environment of a Hillfort from the Beginning of the Middle Bronze Age at Vrcovice, Czech Republic

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