Subsistence farming in transitional economies: lessons from Bulgaria

Kostov, Philip; Lingard, John

doi:10.1016/s0743-0167(01)00026-2

Cited by 67 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The effect of this on the sector has been illustrated vividly for Bulgaria (Kostov and Lingard 2002) where much of the produce from the small-scale farmers does not reach the market, with consequences of unpredictability in the agricultural sector and problems of viability and inefficiency of the farms themselves. In Latvia in 2002 it was the case that 67% of all farms produced no output for sale and only some 20% sold more than 50% of their output (the rest being consumed on the farm) (Vīra and Narnicka 2003) showing that the situation is similar to Bulgaria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of European Union single area payments and less favoured area payments on the Latvian landscape

Nikodemus¹,

Bell²,

Penēze³

et al. 2010

European Countryside

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Abstract:At the end of the 20 th century, following the collapse of centralised planned economy of the Soviet Union, the disintegration of collective type of agriculture and the restoration of lands to their pre-war owners, Latvia experienced widespread abandonment of agricultural lands and their gradual re-colonisation by woodland. It has been assumed that following the accession by Latvia to the European Union in 2004 and the incorporation of the agricultural system into the Common Agricultural Policy would stop or reverse the process of land abandonment. The conclusion from examining five geographically diverse rural municipalities is that so far the single area payments have had little effect on hilly mosaic type landscape structure, or on the process of land abandonment.Key words: Agricultural land, agri-environment schemes; European Union (EU) single area payment (SAP), landscape structure, land use changes, EU less favoured area payment (LFAP)Abstrakts: EIROPAS SAVIENĪBAS VIENOTO PLATĪBU MAKSĀJUMU UN ATBALSTĀMO REĢIONU MAKSĀJUMU IETEKME UZ LATVIJAS AINAVAS RAKSTU UN STRUKTŪRU. 20. gs beigās ar centralizētās plānošanas sistēmas sabrukumu un kolektīvo saimniecību likvidāciju un zemes privatizāciju, daudzviet Latvijā lauksaimniecības zemes tika atstātas atmatā un tās pakāpeniski aizauga ar krūmiem un kokiem. Domāja, ka Latvijai iestājoties Eiropas Savienībā un ar iesaistīšanos kopējā lauksaimniecības politikā, samazināsies lauksaimniecības zemju pamešana. Minētā procesa apturēšana sevišķi svarīga ir mozaīkveida ainavās paugurainēs, kur atklātās pļavas un ganības ir nozīmīgs kultūrainavas elements un nodrošina tās bioloģisko daudzveidību. Pētījumā Eiropas Savienības atbalsta maksājumu ietekme uz ainavas rakstu un struktūru tika pētīta piecās ģeogrāfiskā un ainavas ziņā atšķirīgās pašvaldībās. Kā indikatori lauksaimniecības politikas ietekmei uz ainavu tika izmantoti vienotie platību maksājumi un atbalstāmo reģionu maksājumi.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of European Union single area payments and less favoured area payments on the Latvian landscape

Nikodemus¹,

Bell²,

Penēze³

et al. 2010

European Countryside

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“…As a result, academic attention is drawn toward tiny farms, recognized by the state to represent people who see themselves as pensioners (55%) or unemployed (15%) (NSPRD 2007) and acting to supplement their incomes. In this study, these are termed reluctant farmers, to reflect clear stated preferences to not be engaged in producing and selling agricultural goods, and to avoid debates about the extent to which these individuals represent peasants (Kitching 1998;Clarke et al 2000;Leonard and Kaneff 2002) or subsistence-oriented farmers (Caskie 2000;Kostov and Lingard 2002). However, within smallscale production, two other types can be identified: pluriactive farmers, who utilize restituted land to supplement household income from paid employment, and minority horticulturalists, who represent a distinct ethnicity-based cultural subtype.…”

Section: Bulgariamentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiating farmers: opening the black box of private farming in post-Soviet states

Sutherland

2009

Agric Hum Values

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This paper addresses the question of farmer objectives associated with private farming in Eastern Europe. Drawing on qualitative interviews with private farmers in Bulgaria and southern Russia, the instrumental objectives of business development and job-replacement consistent with recent literature are demonstrated, but also intrinsic, social, and personal objectives, such as enjoyment of agricultural production, desire for independence, and proving oneself. These objectives are described in relation to associated farm size, investment practices, and succession plans, resulting in five idealized farming types which are similar in the two study states: agribusinessmen, primary farmers, pluriactive farmers, reluctant farmers, and minority horticulturalists. It is argued that differences in farming objectives have important implications for farming longevity and succession, opening up a research agenda for the study of private farming in post-Soviet states. You understand, it"s a condition of the soul, if you don"t love land, then a lot of people worked for a year or two and quit. Like drugs to a drug addict, for the farmer it is land, it"s a passion. Every day here, problems, problems, but it"s a passion, a hobby. Lena, you know that if I quit, the next day I would have a stroke. You understand, it"s a narcotic. Key wordsPrivate farmer "Pasha," Krimsk Rayon, Russia

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“…Considering that according to the Agricultural Census data from 2012, about 63% of family farms in Vojvodina cultivate less than 5 ha of land and in total use about 11% of arable land, and since small farms are likely to continue to produce mainly for their own consumption and will be even less integrated into the market after joining the EU (Kostov, Lingard, 2002), the present study has included only the larger family farms, the size of 10 to 100 ha of arable land, registered in the Register of agricultural holdings and focused solely on agricultural production 3 . Preference given to family farms of this size as the focus of attention of this study resulted from the fact that: -according to the results of the Agricultural Census in 2012, said family farms use about 60% of arable land in Vojvodina and -the basic condition for eligibility for any state subsidy in agriculture, in addition to registration in the Register of agricultural holdings, is that farm size does not exceed 100 ha of arable land 4 .…”

Section: The Subject and Objective Of The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%