Subsidence: occurrence, prediction and control (Developments in Geotechnical Engineering, 56)

A Novel Caving Model of Overburden Strata Movement Induced by Coal Mining

“…Exploitation activities inevitably cause ground subsidence, water loss, building damage, and a series of other problems, especially in some eco-environmental fragile areas [3,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. China, one of the energy giants, uses coal as its main source of energy, with coal production and consumption accounting for approximately 77% and 65% of the total national energy consumption, respectively [8,[36][37][38][39][40][41]. Among the 96 state-owned key coal mines, 71% are in water-shortage mining areas.…”

Planned coal mine subsidence in Illinois — a public information booklet

“…Residual subsidence caused no differential subsidence and no additional strains over the sides of the panel, two effects that would damage structures. This occurrence is similar throughout many areas of the world where residual subsidence may last 6 months to 7 years, depending on the strength of the strata above the coal seam (Whittaker and Reddish 1989, Orchard and Allen 1975, Fejes 1985.…”

A fuzzy inference-based approach for building damage risk assessment on mining terrains

“…Fuzzy sets, fuzzy operators, fuzzy reasoning are notions belonging to a mathematical theory thanks to which complex and vague problems can be approached no matter their high uncertainty caused by the lack of information and incompleteness of data [11][12][13]. Fuzzy sets also enable one to account for uncertainty related with subjectivity of assessment of persons making the evaluations, their lack of experience or knowledge, factors decided in the expert approach.…”