Subsidence at southern Andes volcanoes induced by the 2010 Maule, Chile earthquake

Pritchard, M. E.; Jay, J.; Aron, Felipe; Henderson, S. T.; Lara, Luis E.

doi:10.1038/ngeo1855

Cited by 104 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This larger extent of the subsiding areas likely reflects groundwater usage or sediment redistribution around the affected areas. We also notice that the spatial extent of the subsiding areas associated with the black sand mining sites is small compared to the extent of the land subsidence associated with other processes such as ground water extraction, e.g., [13][14][15]; oxidation of peatlands, e.g., [31]; natural sediment compaction e.g., [32]; slope motion e.g., [33]; sinkholes e.g., [34]; and hydrothermal or magmatic activity, e.g., [12,35]. Thus, the small spatial extent of the land subsidence associated with black sand mining activities can be used to detect black sand mining sites and isolate this process from others.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Environmental Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Black Sand Mining Activities and Their Environmental Impacts in the Philippines Using Remote Sensing

Chaussard

Kerosky

2016

Remote Sensing

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Abstract:Magnetite is a type of iron ore and a valuable commodity that occurs naturally in black sand beaches in the Philippines. However, black sand mining often takes place illegally and increases the likelihood and magnitude of geohazards, such as land subsidence, which augments the exposure of local communities to sea level rise and to typhoon-related threats. Detection of black sand mining activities traditionally relies on word of mouth, while measurement of their environmental effects requires on-the-ground geological surveys, which are precise, but costly and limited in scope. Here we show that systematic analysis of remote sensing data provides an objective, reliable, safe, and cost-effective way to monitor black sand mining activities and their impacts. First, we show that optical satellite data can be used to identify legal and illegal mining sites and characterize the direct effect of mining on the landscape. Second, we demonstrate that Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) can be used to evaluate the environmental impacts of black sand mining despite the small spatial extent of the activities. We detected a total of twenty black sand mining sites on Luzon Island and InSAR ALOS data reveal that out of the thirteen sites with coherence, nine experienced land subsidence at rates ranging from 1.5 to 5.7 cm/year during 2007-2011. The mean ground velocity map also highlights that the spatial extent of the subsiding areas is 10 to 100 times larger than the mining sites, likely associated with groundwater use or sediment redistribution. As a result of this subsidence, several coastal areas will be lowered to sea level elevation in a few decades and exposed to permanent flooding. This work demonstrates that remote sensing data are critical in monitoring the development of such activities and their environmental and societal impacts.

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Section: Evaluation Of Environmental Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Black Sand Mining Activities and Their Environmental Impacts in the Philippines Using Remote Sensing

Chaussard

Kerosky

2016

Remote Sensing

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“…), a composite stratovolcano belonging to the Transitional Southern Volcanic Zone (TSVZ) at the border between Argentina and Chile (e.g., Stern et al, 1984; devastating February 27, 2010 Maule earthquake (M W 8.8) that affected central-southern Chile (Jara-Muñoz et al, 2015 and references therein) was concomitant with the Peteroa volcanic activity. After this seismic event up to 2011, PPAVC suffered several M W b3 seismic events (up to 15 km depth) (SERNAGEOMIN-OVDAS, 2010a,b,c, 2011a, probably related to the co-seismic release of fluids from a hydrothermal reservoir (Pritchard et al, 2013). The latter likely caused the emission of volcanic plumes from craters #2 and #3 (Fig. 2) during the last eruptive episode Naranjo, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry of fluid discharges from Peteroa volcano (Argentina-Chile) in 2010–2015: Insights into compositional changes related to the fluid source region(s)

et al. 2016

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“…The latter should also take into account for the possibility of transient kinematic inversions during and after mega-earthquakes, as observed in NE Japan after the 2011 Tohoku earthquake (Ozawa et al, 2011;Simons et al, 2011;Takada and Fukushima, 2013) and in Southern Chile (Sepulveda et al, 2005;Vigny et al, 2011;Pritchard et al, 2013;Lupi and Miller, 2014). In both cases, mega-earthquakes promoted the transient (co-and post-seismic) inversion of the major tectonic structures, also affecting magmatic activity (Lara et al, 2004;Takada and Fukushima, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weak Tectono-Magmatic Relationships along an Obliquely Convergent Plate Boundary: Sumatra, Indonesia

et al. 2018

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The tectono-magmatic relationships along obliquely convergent plate boundaries, where strain partitioning promotes strike-slip structures along the volcanic arc, are poorly known. Here it is unclear if and, in case, how the strike-slip structures control volcanic processes, distribution and size. To better define the possible tectono-magmatic relationships along strike-slip arcs, we merge available information on the case study of Sumatra (Indonesia) with field structural data. The Sumatra arc (entire volcanic belt) consists of 48 active volcanoes. Of these, 46% lie within 10 km from the dextral Great Sumatra Fault (GSF), which carries most horizontal displacement on the overriding plate, whereas 27% lie at >20 km from the GSF. Among the volcanoes at <10 km from GSF, 48% show a possible structural relation to the GSF, whereas only 28% show a clear structural relation, lying in pull-aparts or releasing bends; these localized areas of transtension (local extensional zone) do not develop magmatic segments. There is no relation between the GSF along-strike slip rate variations and the volcanic productivity. The preferred N30 • -N40 • E volcano alignment and elongation are subparallel to the convergence vector or to the GSF. The structural field data, collected in the central and southern GSF, show, in addition to the dextral motions along NW-SE to N-S striking faults, also normal motions (extending WNW-ESE or NE-SW), suggesting local reactivations of the GSF. Overall, the collected data suggest a limited tectonic control on arc volcanism. The tectonic control is mostly expressed by the mean depth of the slab surface below the volcanoes (130 ± 20 km) and, subordinately, local extension along the GSF. The latter, when WNW-ESE oriented (more common), may be associated with the overall tectonic convergence, as suggested by the structural data; conversely, when NE-SW oriented (less common), the extension may result from co-and post-seismic arc normal extension, as supported by the 2004 mega-earthquake measurements. Overall, the strike-slip arc of Sumatra has intermediate features between those of extensional and contractional arcs.

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Subsidence at southern Andes volcanoes induced by the 2010 Maule, Chile earthquake

Cited by 104 publications

References 22 publications

Characterization of Black Sand Mining Activities and Their Environmental Impacts in the Philippines Using Remote Sensing

Characterization of Black Sand Mining Activities and Their Environmental Impacts in the Philippines Using Remote Sensing

Geochemistry of fluid discharges from Peteroa volcano (Argentina-Chile) in 2010–2015: Insights into compositional changes related to the fluid source region(s)

Weak Tectono-Magmatic Relationships along an Obliquely Convergent Plate Boundary: Sumatra, Indonesia

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