Subsidence and carbon dioxide emissions in a smallholder peatland mosaic in Sumatra, Indonesia

Khasanah, Ni’matul; Noordwijk, Meine van

doi:10.1007/s11027-018-9803-2

Cited by 46 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The results showed that mixed oil palm achieved the targets. On peat soils subsidence and carbon emissions are so high in smallholder systems that intercropping won't help to reduce emissions (Khasanah and van Noordwijk, 2018). The land equivalent ratio (LER P ) of oil palm + cocoa intercrop exceeds 1 (1.44), while for oil palm + pepper it is 0.99.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oil Palm Agroforestry Can Achieve Economic and Environmental Gains as Indicated by Multifunctional Land Equivalent Ratios

Khasanah¹,

Noordwijk

Slingerland

et al. 2020

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Driven by increased global demand for vegetable oil in the food and biofuel sectors, oil palm plantations based on monoculture technology have expanded into lowland tropical forests. Interest in diversified, mixed oil palm systems is increasing as these might increase efficiency of the use of land and other resources, reduce farmer risk, and decrease greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per unit product. Land Equivalent Ratio for provisioning services (LER P) values above 1.0 show that at least some diversified systems use land more efficiently than monocultures and are thus "land sparing," where monoculture LER P cannot exceed 1.0. Diversification also modifies climate and water regulating functions ("land sharing") relative to a forest reference, as indicated in the LER R index. A "multifunctional" LER M indicator combines both; land sparing plus land sharing effects jointly determine expected regulating services. Empirical assessment of multiple ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes is assisted by models that synthesise process-based knowledge, especially for perennial systems where welldesigned experiments require a full production cycle, and are costly and scarce. Agroforestry models explore spacing, intercropping and soil management options, predicting harvestable yields, impacts on water flows, nutrient leaching, and greenhouse gas emissions. We used the process-based Water, Nutrient and Light Capture in Agroforestry System (WaNuLCAS) model to explore mixed oil palm + cocoa and oil palm + pepper intercrop systems with modified ("double row") planting patterns for Indonesian contexts and estimated consequences for the carbon footprint. The oil palm + cocoa intercrop provided a high LER P (1.4), while also replenishing more ground water and having a lower C footprint. This combination also has a return to labour equal to that in oil palm monocultures and a higher benefit cost ratio than the oil palm + pepper combination that maximizes Net Present Value. Oil palm + cocoa systems are also less sensitive to price uncertainty for oil palm, and buffer for oil palm and cocoa production risks, assumed to be independent of each other. Considerable economic and environmental system improvements appear to be feasible through mixed oil palm systems and diversification as a pathway to intensification deserves full attention of research and policy development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oil Palm Agroforestry Can Achieve Economic and Environmental Gains as Indicated by Multifunctional Land Equivalent Ratios

Khasanah¹,

Noordwijk

Slingerland

et al. 2020

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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“…Peat conservation in its pristine state was supported with three publications refuting some earlier publications that claimed peat conversion had its merits with lesser CO 2 fluxes from oil palm plantations compared to peat swamp forest (Melling, 2005;. Studies by Wijedasa et al (2018), Dommain et al (2018 and Khasanah and Noordwijk (2019) implicated the carbon emission found in oil palm plantations planted on peat was far more damaging than its pristine state. Wijedasa et al (2018) went on further by suggesting Indonesian government to carry out legislation and policy in the country, which could in return provide a significant reduction in emission.…”

Section: Sustainable Upstreammentioning

confidence: 93%

OIL PALM ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE IN MALAYSIA AND R&D PROGRESS IN 2018

Kushairi¹

2019

JOPR

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Staying resilient is probably an understatement for the oil palm industry during the period of 2018. Whilst other sectors such as the electrical and electronics and other manufactured products were experiencing a bullish growth, the export value of palm oil and palm oil-based products was on the decline. This is essentially due to the looming threat of a total ban of palm oil-based biodiesel by the European Union (EU) come 2021 and the higher production from palm oil plantations in Indonesia causing lower demand and oversupply worldwide. In view of the former, Malaysia's export market scene is expected to change in the coming years. Malaysia has since identified several potential new markets in Africa, Central and South Asia. The negative campaigns relating to health, social or environment targeted at the oil palm are not new but the current action led by the West is clearly causing a major dent in the industry. As the most traded commodity, the industry as a whole is constantly subjected to scrutiny with environment being the current key issue warranting the imposition of checks and balances such as the Malaysian Sustainable Palm Oil (MSPO), Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) and Rountable Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) certification. At the same time, every aspect of the research continues to progress further building on prior knowledge arising directly from working on the oil palm or through model systems. Their progress is briefly highlighted in this review. Clearly the main theme of the research from upstream to midstream and finally downstream are basically aligned with and directed towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) by 2030. This would consequently help further improve the perception of oil palm/palm oil in general.

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“…Gambut dapat menyimpan/ menyerap air hingga 1.000% dari berat volume keringnya (Rochmayanto et al, 2010), dan dalam keadaan jenuh, gambut Jurnal Analisis Kebijakan Kehutanan Vol. 16 No.2, November 2019 : 133-143 Tabel (Khasanah & van Noordwijk, 2019), dan jika terjadi kebakaran pada lahan gambut; fungsi tata air dapat menghindarkan kemungkinan keluarnya biaya restorasi akibat kebakaran lahan yang diperkirakan sebesar US$1.000 per hektar (Glauber, Sarah, Adriani, & Gunawan, 2016).…”

Section: Tata Airunclassified

The Moratorium Policy of Peatland Utilization: Potential Economic and Environmental Benefits for Plantation Forests

Widiatma

2019

j.analisis.kebijak.kehutan.

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Plantation forest (PF) means to increase land productivity, generate exchange, labor, and industrial materials needs. The issue of climate change and emissions reduction targets caused Government regulated peatland utilizations. It's necessary to know the economic and environmental benefits of implementing the moratorium policy. The Environmental Accounting approach used to count the benefits, the land value and environment services are valued. As a result, peat has a potential land value IDR 8.5 million/ha, however the changes peatland to PF caused emissions worth Rp40 million/ha. While if peat saturated, peats can control potensial damaged from floods worth US$4/ha and form fire at US$1,000/ha. The economic value of peatland utilization obtained from HTI far less than the potential environmental benefits if it is maintained and saturated. The moratorium policy on limiting changes in peat land use must continue due regard the continuing business of the permit holder whose land is affected by the policy. ABSTRAKPembangunan hutan tanaman industri (HTI) bertujuan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas lahan, menghasilkan devisa, menyerap tenaga kerja, dan memenuhi bahan baku industri. Berkembangnya isu perubahan iklim dan target penurunan emisi mendorong Pemerintah mengatur pembatasan pemanfaatan lahan gambut, HTI menjadi salah satu sektor yang terdampak. Hal tersebut menimbulkan pro dan kontra sehingga perlu diketahui nilai manfaat ekonomi dan manfaat lingkungan penerapan kebijakan moratorium tersebut. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan Akuntansi Lingkungan, nilai lahan dan fungsi jasa lingkungan divaluasi. Diketahui pemanfaatan gambut untuk HTI menghasilkan potensi nilai lahan dari tegakan sebesar Rp8,5 juta/ha. Perubahan penggunaan lahan gambut menjadi HTI menyebabkan emisi senilai Rp40 juta/ha, sementara apabila tetap jenuh air dapat mengendalikan potensi banjir senilai US$4/ha dan menghindarkan potensi kebakaran lahan senilai US$1.000/ha. Nilai ekonomi pemanfaatan lahan gambut yang diperoleh dari kegiatan HTI jauh lebih kecil daripada potensi manfaat lingkungan apabila tetap dipertahankan dan dijaga. Kebijakan pembatasn perubahan pemanfaatan lahan gambut harus terus dilanjutkan dengan tetap memperhatikan kelanjutan usaha pemegang izin yang lahannya terdampak kebijakan. Kata kunci: Moratorium; gambut; hutan tanaman; valuasi ekonomi dan lingkungan.

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Subsidence and carbon dioxide emissions in a smallholder peatland mosaic in Sumatra, Indonesia

Cited by 46 publications

References 61 publications

Oil Palm Agroforestry Can Achieve Economic and Environmental Gains as Indicated by Multifunctional Land Equivalent Ratios

Oil Palm Agroforestry Can Achieve Economic and Environmental Gains as Indicated by Multifunctional Land Equivalent Ratios

OIL PALM ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE IN MALAYSIA AND R&D PROGRESS IN 2018

The Moratorium Policy of Peatland Utilization: Potential Economic and Environmental Benefits for Plantation Forests

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