Subsequent Risks of Parkinson Disease in Patients with Autoimmune and Related Disorders: A Nationwide Epidemiological Study from Sweden

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate associations between autoimmune disorders and Parkinson disease (PD), and to study whether the risk is associated with follow-up time and age. Methods: Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for PD in patients with autoimmune disorders by comparing them to subjects without autoimmune disorders. Results: Among 310,522 patients with a total of 33 conditions of autoimmune disorders, 932 patients developed subsequent PD, giving an overall SIR of 1.33 and 1.19 for PD diagnosed later than 1 year after follow-up. Six types of autoimmune disorders showed an increased risk. These conditions included: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Graves’s disease/hyperthyroidism, Hashimoto’s disease/hypothyroidism, multiple sclerosis, pernicious anemia, and polymyalgia rheumatica. The risks depended on the age at hospitalization for PD. Conclusions: A 33% overall excess risk of PD was noted among patients with an autoimmune disorder; the risk was increased during the first 10 years of follow-up after hospitalization of autoimmune disorders.

Multiple sclerosis and risk of Parkinson's disease: a Danish nationwide cohort study

“…Previous reports have described cases of co‐occurrence of MS and PD, and a cohort study in Sweden even reported a 1.7‐fold increased relative risk of PD amongst MS patients. Interestingly, and in agreement with our findings, if the start of follow‐up in the Swedish study was postponed to 5 years after diagnosis of MS, no excess risk of PD amongst MS patients (SIR 0.66, 95% CI 0.24–1.44) was observed.…”

The Role of Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Parkinson's Disease

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