Suboptimal Response to Hepatitis B Vaccine in Drug Users

Rumi, Maria Grazia; Colombo, Massimo; Roméo, R.; Boschini, Antonio; Zanetti, Alessandro; Gringeri, A.; Mannucci, Pier Mannuccio

doi:10.1001/archinte.1991.00400030110020

Cited by 36 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…Roome et al have found that 11.9% of individuals with the hepatitis B vaccine had no or inadequate levels of antibodies, suggesting that PVST should be done at intervals of 30 to 90 days after the last vaccine dose [ 16 ]. Non-responders to hepatitis B vaccines were observed in adults, infants, as well as in drug users [ 13 , 46 , 47 ]. Many subsequent studies have shown that older adults and immunocompromised populations are associated with reduced vaccine responses to hepatitis B vaccination [ 45 , 46 , 47 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological Findings in a Group of Individuals Who Were Poor or Non-Responders to Standard Two-Dose SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines

et al. 2023

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Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been declared a pandemic. However, data on the poor or non-responders to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the general population are limited. The objective of this study was to comprehensively compare the immunological characteristics of poor or non-responders to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the 18–59-year group with those in the ≥60-year group using internationally recognized cut-off values. The main outcome was effective seroconversion characterized by an anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG level of at least a four-fold increase from baseline. Profiling of naïve immune cells was analyzed prior to vaccination to demonstrate baseline immunity. The outcomes of effective seroconversion in patients aged 18–59 years with those in patients aged ≥60 years were compared. The quantitative level of anti-spike IgG was significantly lower in individuals aged ≥60 and men aged 18–59 years. There were 7.5% of poor or non-responders among the 18–59 years and 11.7% of poor or non-responders in the ≥60 years using a four-fold increase parameter. There were 37.0–58.1% with low lymphocyte count (<1000/mm3), 33.3–45.2% with low CD4 cell counts (<500/mm3), and 74.1–96.8% with low B cell counts (<100/mm3) in the non-seroconversion group. An individual with an anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG titer below 50 BAU/mL might be considered a poor or non-responder between 14 and 90 days after the last vaccine dose. Booster vaccination or additional protective measures should be recommended to poor or non-responders as soon as possible to reduce disease severity and mortality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological Findings in a Group of Individuals Who Were Poor or Non-Responders to Standard Two-Dose SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines

et al. 2023

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“…16 Non-responders to hepatitis B vaccine were observed in adults, infants as well as in drug users. 13,46,47 Many subsequent studies have shown that the elderly and immunocompromised populations are associated with reduced vaccine responses to hepatitis B vaccination. [45][46][47] The CDC has recommended PVST using the WHO IS for immunocompromised individuals following hepatitis B vaccine based on evidence of non-responders in the population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13,46,47 Many subsequent studies have shown that the elderly and immunocompromised populations are associated with reduced vaccine responses to hepatitis B vaccination. [45][46][47] The CDC has recommended PVST using the WHO IS for immunocompromised individuals following hepatitis B vaccine based on evidence of non-responders in the population. 45 For persistent non-responders (anti-HBs antibody <10 mIU/mL, the WHO IS 07/164) to hepatitis B vaccination, anti-hepatitis B immunoglobulin injections are recommended if exposed to the hepatitis B virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological findings in a group of individuals who were non-responders to standard two-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccines

Zeng

Yang

Qi³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared a pandemic. The virus has infected more than 505 million people and caused more than 6 million deaths. However, data on non-responders to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the general population are limited. The objective of the study is to comprehensively compare the immunological characteristics of non-responders to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the 18-59 years with that in the 60 years and older using internationally recognized cutoff values. Participants included 627 individuals who received physical examinations and volunteered to participate in COVID-19 vaccination from the general population. The main outcome was an effective seroconversion characterized by anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG level of at least 4-fold increase from baseline. Profiling of naive immune cells was analyzed prior to vaccination to demonstrate baseline immunity. Outcomes of effective seroconversion in the 18-59 years with that in the 60 years and older were compared. The quantitative level of the anti-spike IgG was significantly lower in the 60 years and older and in men among the 18-59 years. There were 7.5% of non-responders among the 18-59 years and 11.7% of non-responders in the 60 years and older using the 4-fold increase parameter. The effective seroconversion rate was significantly related to the level of certain immune cells before vaccination, such as CD4 cells, CD8 cells and B cells and the age. An individual with a titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG that is below 50 BAU/mL might be considered a non-responder between 14-90 days after the last vaccine dose. Booster vaccination or additional protective measures should be recommended for non-responders as soon as possible to reduce disease severity and mortality.

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“…3 However, despite these high levels of seroprotection, booster doses are recommended at 12 months to ensure long-lasting immunity, 25 especially as seroconversion rates have been reported to be lower among drug-using populations. 22,26 While limited by the retrospective nature of the audit and the lack of clinical data available, these preliminary results are of particular interest to those seeking to vaccinate groups at high risk of HBV infection. Our findings provide promising beginnings in the development of safe, acceptable, effective and achievable HBV vaccination programs for young drug users and other highrisk populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An accelerated hepatitis B vaccination schedule for young drug users

Rogers¹,

Lubman

2005

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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Objective: Jo determine completion rates for an accelerated hepatitis B vaccine (HBV) program among a population of young drug users. Design: Between January 2001 and May 2002, a three‐dose course of HBV vaccine (0, 7 and 21 days) was offered free to all drug users (aged 22 years or younger) accessing two outreach sites of a youth‐focused support and drug treatment service in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. Clients were offered vaccination in any safe environment of their choice. An audit was conducted on the health records of participating clients. Main outcome measures: Number of completed vaccinations; settings in which vaccinations were completed. Results: Ninety young people accepted vaccination, with 71% completing the full course. The majority preferred to receive vaccination at drug treatment outreach sites (53%). Conclusions: An accelerated vaccination schedule appears acceptable to young drug users, suggesting that vaccination programs can be successful when barriers to immunisation are appropriately identified and addressed.

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Suboptimal Response to Hepatitis B Vaccine in Drug Users

Cited by 36 publications

References 24 publications

Immunological Findings in a Group of Individuals Who Were Poor or Non-Responders to Standard Two-Dose SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines

Immunological Findings in a Group of Individuals Who Were Poor or Non-Responders to Standard Two-Dose SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines

Immunological findings in a group of individuals who were non-responders to standard two-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccines

An accelerated hepatitis B vaccination schedule for young drug users

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