Suboptimal Iodine Concentration in Breastmilk and Inadequate Iodine Intake among Lactating Women in Norway

Henjum, Sigrun; Lilleengen, Anne Marie; Aakre, Inger; Dudareva, Anna; Gjengedal, Elin; Meltzer, Helle Margrete; Brantsæter, Anne Lise

doi:10.3390/nu9070643

Cited by 52 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…Similar patterns were observed among lactating mothers and their infants in China (122 v. 183 µg/l), Ireland (76 v. 100 µg/l) and Turkey (40 v. 85 µg/l), which indicates that lactating mothers have lower UIC values than their infants (13)(14)(15) . Given the broad ranges of BMIC in countries with iodine sufficiency (12,23,32,33) , there is no consensus regarding the required iodine levels in breast milk that are needed to adequately fulfil infants' iodine requirements (7,(34)(35)(36) . For example, reported BMIC values are 46-155 µg/l in the USA (29,37,38) and 58-170 µg/l in Iran (17,39,40) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is there any difference between the iodine statuses of breast-fed and formula-fed infants and their mothers in an area with iodine sufficiency?

et al. 2018

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Despite substantial progress in the global elimination of iodine deficiency, lactating mothers and their infants remain susceptible to insufficient iodine intake. This cross-sectional study was conducted to compare iodine statuses of breast-fed and formula-fed infants and their mothers at four randomly selected health care centres in Tehran. Healthy infants <3 months old and their mothers were randomly selected for inclusion in this study. Iodine was measured in urine and breast milk samples from each infant and mother as well as commercially available infant formula. The study included 124 postpartum mothers (29·2 (sd 4·9) years old) and their infants (2·0 (sd 0·23) months old). The iodine concentrations were 50-184 µg/l for infant formula, compared with a median breast milk iodine concentration (BMIC) of 100 µg/l in the exclusive breast-feeding group and 122 µg/l in the partial formula feeding group. The median values for urinary iodine concentration in the exclusive breast-feeding group were 183 µg/l (interquartile range (IQR) 76-285) for infants and 78 µg/l (IQR 42-145) for mothers, compared with 140 µg/l (IQR 68-290) for infants and 87 µg/l (IQR 44-159) for mothers in the formula feeding group. These differences were not statistically significant. After adjustment for BMIC, ANCOVA revealed that feeding type (exclusive breast-feeding v. partial formula feeding) did not significantly affect the infants' or mother's urinary iodine levels. Thus, in an area with iodine sufficiency, there was no difference in the iodine statuses of infants and mothers according to their feeding type.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is there any difference between the iodine statuses of breast-fed and formula-fed infants and their mothers in an area with iodine sufficiency?

et al. 2018

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“…For more details, see [27] (manuscript in preparation). Urine and breast milk samples were analyzed for iodine coupled plasma-mass spectrometry method (ICP-MS) at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge about Iodine in Pregnant and Lactating Women in the Oslo Area, Norway

et al. 2017

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Background: Lack of knowledge about iodine may be a risk factor for iodine deficiency in pregnant and lactating women. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge about iodine and predictors of iodine knowledge scores among pregnant and lactating women. The study also examined whether iodine knowledge scores were associated with iodine status. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 804 pregnant women and 175 lactating women from 18 to 44 years of age in 2016 in the Oslo area, Norway. Knowledge about iodine was collected through a self-administered, paper-based questionnaire. Iodine concentrations in urine and breast milk were measured using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICPMS). Results: 74% of the pregnant women and 55% of the lactating women achieved none to low iodine knowledge scores. Higher educated pregnant women and those who had received information about iodine had significantly higher knowledge scores. In lactating women, increased age was associated with higher knowledge scores. Knowledge scores were not associated with participants’ iodine status. Conclusion: This study revealed a lack of knowledge about the importance of iodine in pregnant and lactating women, as well as about the most important dietary sources. Public education initiatives are required to increase the awareness about iodine in these population groups.

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“…In this cross-sectional study in Norway, lactating women were recruited during a postnatal care visit from October to December 2016, as part of a study on iodine status in lactating women [10]. Five out of 18 Mother and Child Health Centers in Oslo were randomly selected from a list stratified into five areas representing different regions and socioeconomic groups in Oslo.…”

Section: Population and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin B12 concentrations in milk from Norwegian women during the six first months of lactation

Henjum

Manger²,

Hampel

et al. 2020

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Background Human milk vitamin B12 (B12) concentrations depend on maternal status and intake; only few data are available in high-income countries. Objective We assessed human milk B12 concentrations during the first 6 months postpartum in Norwegian women and its association with maternal dietary B12 intake and maternal urinary methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentration. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 175 mothers, exclusively (80%) or partially (20%) breastfeeding, were included. Milk B12 was measured by IMMULITE ® /IMMULITE ® 1000 B12 competitive protein binding assay and urinary MMA relative to creatinine (MMA/Cr) by liquid chromatography-tandem-mass spectrometry. Maternal habitual B12 intake and supplement use were estimated using a food frequency questionnaire. Results Mean human milk B12 concentration was 327 pmol/L (range 140-1089), with 402 pmol/L at 1 month (n = 21), 333 pmol/L at four months (n = 32), and 299 pmol/L at 6 months (n = 21). Maternal B12 intake was 5 µg/d, 89% met the Estimated Average Requirement, and supplement use did not affect milk B12 concentrations. MMA/Cr was low in all women compared with published data. In exclusively breastfeeding women, MMA/Cr (beta (95% CI) −42.5 (−82.5, −2.5) and time since birth (−4.9 (−9.6, −0.3)) were significant predictors of human milk B12 concentrations. There was no association between total B12 intake and milk B12 concentration or between total B12 intake and MMA/Cr. Conclusions Maternal B12 status and human milk B12 concentrations are likely sufficient, based on adequate maternal B12 dietary intake combined with low urinary MMA concentrations. Nevertheless, milk B12 concentration fell during 6 months postpartum while maternal B12 status did not change.

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Suboptimal Iodine Concentration in Breastmilk and Inadequate Iodine Intake among Lactating Women in Norway

Cited by 52 publications

References 57 publications

Is there any difference between the iodine statuses of breast-fed and formula-fed infants and their mothers in an area with iodine sufficiency?

Is there any difference between the iodine statuses of breast-fed and formula-fed infants and their mothers in an area with iodine sufficiency?

Knowledge about Iodine in Pregnant and Lactating Women in the Oslo Area, Norway

Vitamin B12 concentrations in milk from Norwegian women during the six first months of lactation

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