Suboccipital Musculature - Morphology, Functions and Variants - An Update

R, Reinhardt

doi:10.19080/jcmah.2018.07.555721

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…16,17 The craniocervical junction is the most mobile part of the spine where Suboccipital muscle (SOM) lies in the depth and connects and moves the head joints. 18 The SOM has a high density of muscle spindle per gram SOM also shows a higher density of rotational muscles, in this case the obliquus inferior (OCI) and the superior (OCS). 18 The fibre distribution of the SOM is very homogeneous, allowing both postural control and dynamic functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 The SOM has a high density of muscle spindle per gram SOM also shows a higher density of rotational muscles, in this case the obliquus inferior (OCI) and the superior (OCS). 18 The fibre distribution of the SOM is very homogeneous, allowing both postural control and dynamic functions. 18,19…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 The fibre distribution of the SOM is very homogeneous, allowing both postural control and dynamic functions. 18,19…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment and Comparison between Cervical Retraction Exercise and Muscle Energy Technique on Cervical Joint Position Sense in Individuals with Forward Head Posture

Shah¹,

Kulkarni²,

Kumar³

2022

Int J Sci Healthcare Res

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Background: Forward Head posture (FHP) one of the most common postural disorder causes a change in the biomechanical movement, affect the length---tension relationship in the cervical muscles, increase muscular activity level and impair cervical proprioception. Cervical Retraction and Muscle Energy Technique (MET) have been proposed to improve joint proprioception. Objective: To assess and compare the effect between Cervical Retraction and Muscle Energy Technique on cervical joint position sense in individuals with forward head posture using head repositioning test. Method: This is a comparative study where 60 subjects were selected as per inclusion and exclusion criteria and assigned to Group A (n=30; Cervical Retraction) and Group B (n=30; Muscle Energy Technique) respectively. Proprioceptive exercises were given to both the groups. The intervention was given for 2 weeks-3 sessions per week. Error in Cervical Joint Position sense was assessed pre and post intervention using Head Repositioning Accuracy test. The data was collected and statistically analysed. Results: The study showed statistical significant reduction (p<0.05) in error in cervical joint position sense within the groups as well as between the groups for all the physiological movement (Flexion, Extension, Left Rotation and Right Rotation). Conclusion: Cervical Retraction as well as Muscle Energy Technique can be used to improve Cervical Joint position sense. However, Cervical Retraction is better as compared to Muscle Energy Technique. Keywords: Forward head posture, Cervical Joint Position sense, Cervical Retraction, Muscle Energy Technique, Head Repositioning Accuracy test.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment and Comparison between Cervical Retraction Exercise and Muscle Energy Technique on Cervical Joint Position Sense in Individuals with Forward Head Posture

Shah¹,

Kulkarni²,

Kumar³

2022

Int J Sci Healthcare Res

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Treatment Approaches for Cognitive Disorders Associated with CSF Circulation

Chae

Lee²,

Ryu

2022

Journal of Korean Medical Society of Soft Tissue

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Introduction: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulates in the subarachnoid space around the brain and spinal cord, and in the ventricles of the brain. It serves as a buffer to protect the brain from physical and immunological damage. Since important actions such as removing soluble waste from the brain occur as the CSF circulates, various diseases including cognitive disorders can occur if CSF circulation is impaired. Therefore, it is very important to find anatomical treatment points that improve CSF circulation. Methods: We summarized various clinical symptoms and related diseases caused by CSF circulation failure and reviewed anatomical structures that could affect CSF circulation. Based on the reviewed data, we proposed several treatment points that can contribute to the improvement of CSF circulation. Results: Symptoms and diseases caused by decreased CSF circulation include headaches, sleep disorders, and Alzheimer's disease. In particular, Alzheimer's disease was also related to cerebral blood flow, which was also closely related to CSF circulation. The anatomical structure associated with CSF circulation was dura mater, deep cervical lymph nodes, meningeal lymphatic vessels, and emissary vein. The structures connected to the dura mater were also important, such as the myodural bridge (MDB) directly connected to the dura mater and the soft tissues such as the suboccipital muscles and ligaments connected to the dura mater via MDB. Conclusion:We propose several treatment points based on anatomical structures that may affect CSF circulation. It is the soft tissues of the suboccipital site including MDB, submucosal tissue of the nasal cavity, stylomastoid foramen, and emissary vein.

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Suboccipital Musculature - Morphology, Functions and Variants - An Update

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

Assessment and Comparison between Cervical Retraction Exercise and Muscle Energy Technique on Cervical Joint Position Sense in Individuals with Forward Head Posture

Assessment and Comparison between Cervical Retraction Exercise and Muscle Energy Technique on Cervical Joint Position Sense in Individuals with Forward Head Posture

Treatment Approaches for Cognitive Disorders Associated with CSF Circulation

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