Subnivean and Emergent Microclimate, Photosynthesis, and Growth in Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh, a Snowbank Geophyte

Hamerlynck, Erik P.; Smith, William K.

doi:10.2307/1551872

Cited by 30 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…There was no evidence for increased costs of reproduction associated with IR warming for E. grandiflorum , a species for which initiation of growth and development is tightly linked with timing of snowmelt (Fritz‐Sheridan, 1988; Hamerlynck & Smith, 1994). In fact, one aspect of photosynthetic capacity ( Vc max ) was enhanced by the warming treatment, perhaps because warming may lead to more optimal temperatures for biochemical activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive and physiological responses to simulated climate warming for four subalpine species

et al. 2006

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* The carbon costs of reproduction were examined in four subalpine herbaceous plant species for which number and size of flowers respond differently under a long-term infrared warming experiment. * Instantaneous measurements of gas exchange and an integrative model were used to calculate whole-plant carbon budgets and reproductive effort (RE). * Of the two species for which flowering was reduced, only one (Delphinium nuttallianum) exhibited higher RE under warming. The other species (Erythronium grandiflorum) flowers earlier when freezing events under warming treatment could have damaged floral buds. Of the two species for which flowering rates were not reduced, one (Helianthella quinquenervis) had higher RE, while RE was unaffected for the other (Erigeron speciosus). Each of these different responses was the result of a different combination of changes in organ size and physiological rates in each of the species. * Results show that the magnitude and direction of responses to warming differ greatly among species. Such results demonstrate the importance of examining multiple species to understand the complex interactions among physiological and reproductive responses to climate change.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive and physiological responses to simulated climate warming for four subalpine species

et al. 2006

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“…It also varies depending on the timing of snowmelt in early spring for G. lutea and other spring ephemerals (Vézina and Grandtner 1965;Muller 1978;Hamerlynck and Smith 1994). Prolonged winter due to late snowmelt could shorten the vegetative period for spring ephemerals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of growth temperature and winter duration on leaf phenology of a spring ephemeral (Gagea lutea) and a summergreen forb (Maianthemum dilatatum)

Yoshie

2008

J Plant Res

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Effects of growth temperature and winter duration on leaf longevity were compared between a spring ephemeral, Gagea lutea, and a forest summergreen forb, Maianthemum dilatatum. The plants were grown at day/night temperatures of 25/20 degrees C and 15/10 degrees C after a chilling treatment for variable periods at 2 degrees C. The temperature regime of 25/20 degrees C was much higher than the mean air temperatures for both species in their native habitats. Warm temperature of 25/20 degrees C and/or long chilling treatment shortened leaf longevity in G. lutea, but not in M. dilatatum. The response of G. lutea was consistent with that reported for other spring ephemerals. Air temperature increases as the vegetative season progresses. The decrease in leaf longevity in G. lutea under warm temperature condition ensures leaf senescence in summer, an unfavorable season for its growth. This also implies that early leaf senescence could occur in years with early summers. Warm spring temperatures have been shown to accelerate the leafing-out of forest trees. The decrease in leaf longevity due to warm temperature helps synchronize the period of leaf senescence roughly with the time of the forest canopy leaf-out. Prolonged winter due to late snowmelt has been shown to shorten the vegetative period for spring ephemerals. The decrease in leaf longevity due to long chilling treatment would correspond with this shortened vegetative period.

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“…This is consistent with the results of our study, and suggests that several woody plants overwintering under a snow cover employ a similar strategy of winter photosynthesis. In contrast, Hamerlynck and Smith (1994) reported low F v /F m ratios and low photosynthetic capacity in the alpine/subalpine snowbed geophyte Erythronium grandiflorum Pursch before snowmelt, followed by a rapid increase in both F v / F m and photosynthesis as the plants emerged from the snow. This suggests a possible strategic difference among the species, or lifeforms, in regard to subnivean metabolism and the onset of photosynthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…This suggests a possible strategic difference among the species, or lifeforms, in regard to subnivean metabolism and the onset of photosynthesis. However, this difference could also, at least in part, result from the relatively high levels of light that Hamerlynck and Smith (1994) reported under the snow before snowmelt, leading to photoinhibition followed by a rapid recovery of photosynthesis in the warm air temperatures after snowmelt.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of snowmelt on the springtime photosynthesis of the evergreen dwarf shrubVaccinium vitis-idaea

Lundell

Saarinen

Hänninen

2010

Plant Ecology & Diversity

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Background:The dwarf shrub Vaccinium vitis-idaea has been found to retain its photosynthetic capacity under snow in winter. At snowmelt, the plants are exposed to low temperatures and full light, which may lead to the inhibition of photosynthesis. Aims: To examine the changes in the photosynthesis of V. vitis-idaea at snowmelt and to determine their temporal extent. Methods: The photosynthetic capacity and the energy conversion efficiency of photosystem II (F v /F m ) were determined in a natural spring snowmelt setting in field conditions and by creating an artificial snowmelt gradient. Results: F v /F m decreased rapidly after snowmelt and remained low for several weeks in the spring. The photosynthetic capacity remained at pre-snowmelt levels at first, but started decreasing about a week after snowmelt. The depression of photosynthesis lasted for several weeks. Conclusions:The inhibition or downregulation of photosynthesis in V. vitis-idaea takes place at snowmelt, not at the onset of winter as it does in many evergreen conifers. The snow protects the plants from the harshest winter conditions and permits metabolic activity. If snow cover becomes more intermittent in the future, there may be longer periods of photoinhibition, which will affect the carbon balance of plants.

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Subnivean and Emergent Microclimate, Photosynthesis, and Growth in Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh, a Snowbank Geophyte

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Reproductive and physiological responses to simulated climate warming for four subalpine species

Reproductive and physiological responses to simulated climate warming for four subalpine species

Effects of growth temperature and winter duration on leaf phenology of a spring ephemeral (Gagea lutea) and a summergreen forb (Maianthemum dilatatum)

Effects of snowmelt on the springtime photosynthesis of the evergreen dwarf shrubVaccinium vitis-idaea

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