Subnational Fiscal Autonomy in a Developmental State: The Case  of Ethiopia

Yesigat, Zemenu

doi:10.4236/blr.2016.71005

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Yet, a closer look at EPSA’s supply chain structures to the branches and its so called “clusters” shows that, administratively, the centralized federal agency does not follow the country’s federalist state structure. It therefore remains unclear as to how the agency harmonizes its operations with the bureaucracies of the regional states, under whose jurisdictions all public health facilities it stands to serve fall, to efficiently discharge its roles and responsibilities in the face of, arguably, the most contested and constrained fiscal federalism [ 53 ] in the Ethiopian federation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends of community-based systemic antibiotic consumption: Comparative analyses of data from Ethiopia and Norway calls for public health policy actions

2021

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Studies on antibiotic utilization trends are invaluable because they offer data for evaluation of impacts of antimicrobial stewardship policies. Such studies help determine correlations between the use of specific antibiotic classes and trends in emergence of resistance (resistance-epidemiology). This study aims to quantify the consumption systemic antibiotics (J01)—in defined daily doses (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID)—in Ethiopia’s public healthcare sector (2016–2020). By so doing, it attempts to capture the extent of population exposure to antibiotics in the country. Data were also compared with those from Norway to establish rough estimate of the country’s status vis-à-vis some globally acknowledged better practices with regard to optimal use of antibiotics. Raw data obtained from registers of Ethiopian Pharmaceutical Supply Agency were converted into DDD, per the standard methodology recommended by WHO. To control for population size, antibiotics consumption data were presented as DID. Since official population census data for Ethiopia were not available for the study period, population projection data from the World Bank were used. Community-based consumption of systemic antibiotics increased from 11.02 DID in 2016 to 12.83 DID in 2020 in Ethiopia—an increase by 16.4%. Moreover, analysis of a log-linear regression model showed that the average growth rate in the community-based systemic antibiotics consumption per year between 2016 and 2020 was about 3.3% (R2 = 0.89). The highest percentage change in community-based systemic antibiotics consumption happened for glycopeptides (J01XA) and the fourth generation cephalosporins (J01DE)—1300% and 600% compared to the baseline year (2016), respectively. At product level, 9 antibiotics constituted the common domain in the list of medication cocktails in the drug utilization 90% (DU90%) for the study period. Community-based consumption of systemic antibiotics for Ethiopia and Norway showed opposite trends, calling for public health policy actions in Ethiopia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends of community-based systemic antibiotic consumption: Comparative analyses of data from Ethiopia and Norway calls for public health policy actions

2021

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“…Uvádza, že FD sprevádzaná širokou VFI, čiže financovaná zo spoločných zdrojov, zhoršuje fiškálne správanie sa jednotiek nižších vládnych úrovní. Yesigat (2016) považuje fiškálnu nerovnováhu za dôvod erózie FA nižších vládnych úrovní v rozvíjajúcich sa ekonomikách. Sow a Razafimahefa (2017) uvádzajú, že ak lokálne vlády financujú svoje výdavky z vlastných príjmov (sú viac finančne autonómne), sú motivované správať sa zodpovedne.…”

Section: Fiškálna Decentralizácia Vertikálna Fiškálna Nerovnováha a Finančná Autonómiaunclassified

Formal Dimension of Fiscal Decentralization in the Context of Vertical Fiscal Imbalance and Financial Autonomy of Municipalities in Slovakia

Maličká¹

2019

Politicka ekonomie

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Formal Dimension of Fiscal Decentralization in the Context of Vertical Fiscal Imbalance and Financial Autonomy of Municipalities in SlovakiaAn increase in municipal financial autonomy in Slovakia in connection with the fiscal decentralization during the monitored period 2000-2016 is observable after its implementation ( 2005) with a certain derogation in the period of the financial crisis (2009). The aim of the paper is to point out its formal increase through vertical fiscal imbalance. It is caused by the dominant position of shared tax revenues in the municipal budgets. Dumitrescu-Hurlin Panel Granger Causality test confirms a relationship between municipal financial autonomy and vertical fiscal imbalance, which points to a transfer dependency of municipalities on central government. Using the cross-correlation, the expected inverse relation between analysed categories is confirmed in the current period. Statistically significant positive correlation coefficients in the case of lag order point to important timing focusing on the period of implementation of reforms and certain economic effects, e.g., financial crisis and economic recovery.

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“…Regional governments are endowed with the right to generate their own income via the FDRE 1995 Constitution, but are now in clear danger to operate in their own way due to the new paradigm shift at the center. This could result in vertical fiscal imbalance (Mulu, 2015;Yesigat, 2016).…”

Section: Ethnic Federalism and Democratic Developmental State In Ethimentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporating ‘‘Democratic Developmental State Ideology’’ into Ethiopia’s Ethnic Federalism – A Contradiction?

Daba¹,

Mulu²

2017

unibulletin

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The ruling Ethiopia's People Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) has adopted a mix of two ideologies called "Democratic Developmental State" (democracy from the dominant west), and Developmental State Ideology (from the east), initially under the leadership of the late Prime Minister, Meles Zenawi. Thus, this desk research paper aims to analyze the adoption of developmental state ideology within the existing federal structure of the state, whether or not it is contradictory to the 1995 Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Constitution, and assess its implication to the autonomy of regional states. Accordingly, the study concludes that the adoption of this ideology amounts to a change of constitution, and state structure from federal to unitary. The state governments would be under a visible shadow of the federal government where the states would serve merely as agents of the federal government, and their autonomy would be degraded significantly.

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Subnational Fiscal Autonomy in a Developmental State: The Case of Ethiopia

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Trends of community-based systemic antibiotic consumption: Comparative analyses of data from Ethiopia and Norway calls for public health policy actions

Trends of community-based systemic antibiotic consumption: Comparative analyses of data from Ethiopia and Norway calls for public health policy actions

Formal Dimension of Fiscal Decentralization in the Context of Vertical Fiscal Imbalance and Financial Autonomy of Municipalities in Slovakia

Incorporating ‘‘Democratic Developmental State Ideology’’ into Ethiopia’s Ethnic Federalism – A Contradiction?

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