Submucous rather than myenteric neurons are activated by mucosal biopsy supernatants from irritable bowel syndrome patients

Bühner, Sabine; Li, Q.; Berger, Thomas; Vignali, Sheila; Barbara, Giovanni; Giorgio, Roberto De; Stanghellini, Vincenzo; Schemann, Michael

doi:10.1111/nmo.12011

Cited by 47 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Taken together, these studies collectively and strongly support the rele vance of neuroimmune interactions in IBS through different mechanisms, including release of histamine, proteases and 5-HT. [207][208][209][210][211][212][213] Moreover, the effects of supernatants from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients (1), or the mediators produced by these gut microbiota, might influence epithelial permeability, possibly by degrading epithelial tight junction proteins such as occludin (2). Also, the gut microbiota can influence the activity of enteroendocrine cells, especially EC cells dispersed between the epithelial cells, inducing altered secretion or re-uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine (3).…”

Section: Neuroimmune Interactions In Ibsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crosstalk at the mucosal border: importance of the gut microenvironment in IBS

Öhman

Törnblom

Simrén

2014

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol

154

145

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The aetiology and pathology of IBS, a functional bowel disorder thought to lack an organic cause, is largely unknown. However, studies suggest that various features, such as altered composition of the gut microbiota, together with increased intestinal permeability, a changed balance in the enteroendocrine system and a dysregulated immune system in the gut, most likely have an important role in IBS. Exactly how these entities act together and give rise to symptoms is still unknown, but an altered gut microbiota composition could lead to dysregulation of the intestinal barrier as well as the enteroendocrine and the immune systems, which (through interactions with the nervous system) might generate symptoms. This Review highlights the crosstalk between the gut microbiota, the enteroendocrine system, the immune system and the role of intestinal permeability in patients with IBS.

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Section: Neuroimmune Interactions In Ibsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crosstalk at the mucosal border: importance of the gut microenvironment in IBS

Öhman

Törnblom

Simrén

2014

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol

154

145

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“…PAR1, PAR2 and PAR4 activate enteric neurons, enteric glia and extrinsic primary afferents, and the responses of that occur following this activation form part of the host defense response (Buhner et al, 2012; Buresi et al, 2005; Green et al, 2000; Kugler et al, 2012; Mueller et al, 2011). Notable, as it pertains to disease, is that supernatants of biopsies taken from patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and IBD have elevated levels of protease activity which is thought to contribute to disease pathogenesis and symptom generation in these conditions (Buhner et al, 2012). The sources of protease activity (host versus bacterial) in biopsy supernatants remain to be fully determined, but could involve a multitude of signaling pathways including interferon-γ, PAR2 or TGR5 ligands.…”

Section: Bacterial Signaling To the Enteric Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of enteric neurotransmission in host defense and protection of the gastrointestinal tract

Sharkey

Savidge

2014

Autonomic Neuroscience

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Host defense is a vital role played by the gastrointestinal tract. As host to an enormous and diverse microbiome, the gut has evolved an elaborate array of chemical and physicals barriers that allow the digestion and absorption of nutrients without compromising the mammalian host. The control of such barrier functions requires the integration of neural, humoral, paracrine and immune signaling, involving redundant and overlapping mechanisms to ensure, under most circumstances, the integrity of the gastrointestinal epithelial barrier. Here we focus on selected recent developments in the autonomic neural control of host defense functions used in the protection of the gut from luminal agents, and discuss how the microbiota may potentially play a role in enteric neurotransmission. Key recent findings include: the important role played by subepithelial enteric glia in modulating intestinal barrier function, identification of stress-induced mechanisms evoking barrier breakdown, neural regulation of epithelial cell proliferation, the role of afferent and efferent vagal pathways in regulating barrier function, direct evidence for bacterial communication to the enteric nervous system, and microbial sources of enteric neurotransmitters. We discuss these new and interesting developments in our understanding of the role of the autonomic nervous system in gastrointestinal host defense.

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“…Mucosal inflammation is linked to increased mucosal permeability, enterochromaffin cell hyperplasia and higher tissue availability of serotonin, a key factor involved in the control of gut sensorimotor functions[46-48]. Furthermore, the possible link between low-grade inflammation and IBS has been suggested by the observation that adoptive transfer of mucosal biopsy supernatants evoked activation of sensory pain pathways[49,50] and abnormal enteric nervous system responses in recipient rodents[51]. Interestingly, these responses were reduced to a large extent by antagonism of immune-related factors[49-52].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia: A marker of low-grade inflammation in irritable bowel syndrome?

Piscaglia¹,

Laterza²,

Cesario³

et al. 2016

WJG

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AIMTo evaluate the prevalence of nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH) in adult patients undergoing colonoscopy and its association with known diseases.METHODSWe selected all cases showing NLH at colonoscopy in a three-year timeframe, and stratified them into symptomatic patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-type symptoms or suspected inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and asymptomatic individuals undergoing endoscopy for colorectal cancer screening. Data collection included medical history and final diagnosis. As controls, we considered all colonoscopies performed for the aforementioned indications during the same period.RESULTSOne thousand and one hundred fifty colonoscopies were selected. NLH was rare in asymptomatic individuals (only 3%), while it was significantly more prevalent in symptomatic cases (32%). Among organic conditions associated with NLH, the most frequent was IBD, followed by infections and diverticular disease. Interestingly, 31% of IBS patients presented diffuse colonic NLH. NLH cases shared some distinctive clinical features among IBS patients: they were younger, more often female, and had a higher frequency of abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhoea, unspecific inflammation, self-reported lactose intolerance and metal contact dermatitis.CONCLUSIONAbout 1/3 of patients with IBS-type symptoms or suspected IBD presented diffuse colonic NLH, which could be a marker of low-grade inflammation in a conspicuous subset of IBS patients.

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Submucous rather than myenteric neurons are activated by mucosal biopsy supernatants from irritable bowel syndrome patients

Cited by 47 publications

References 40 publications

Crosstalk at the mucosal border: importance of the gut microenvironment in IBS

Crosstalk at the mucosal border: importance of the gut microenvironment in IBS

Role of enteric neurotransmission in host defense and protection of the gastrointestinal tract

Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia: A marker of low-grade inflammation in irritable bowel syndrome?

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