Submonolayer growth of Pb on Cu( 111): surface alloying and de-alloying

Nagl, C.; Haller, O.; Platzgummer, Elmar; Schmid, Michael; Варга, П.

doi:10.1016/0039-6028(94)90189-9

Cited by 165 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The transition between surface alloy and overlayer has been discussed by Nagl et al (1994) for Pb-UPD on Cu (111) and by Shin et al (2010) for Pb-UPD on Au (111). It is known that certain liquid metals embrittle certain pure or alloyed solid metals, e.g.…”

Section: In Situ Xas Study Of Pb-upd On Nimentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition effect of underpotential deposition of metallic cations on aqueous corrosion of metals

Seo

2017

Corrosion Reviews

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Abstract:The experimental results reported so far for the inhibition effect of underpotential deposition (UPD) of metallic cations on aqueous corrosion of metals are criticized and discussed based on the prerequisite for UPD. The inhibition effect of Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ , Zn 2+ or Mn 2+ on hydrogen evolution or hydrogen absorption on Armco iron or various steels is classified into three potential regions: bulk deposition, UPD and adsorption of metallic cations without discharging. Moreover, the inhibition effect of Pb 2+ , Tl + or Sn 2+ on anodic dissolution of pure Fe, Ni or Ni-base alloys in acidic solutions is ascribed to the UPD of these metallic cations. Particularly, in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) for Pb-UPD on Ni has indicated that the electrodeposited Pb species on the Ni surface is metallic to form partly surface alloy and the metallic Pb blocks the active dissolution sites of Ni to inhibit the anodic dissolution. In contrast, in situ XAS for Sn-UPD on Ni has indicated that the electro-deposited Sn species is not only bonded with Ni atoms but also bonded with oxygen atoms and that the anodic dissolution of Ni is inhibited by the oxygenated Sn species on Ni.

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Section: In Situ Xas Study Of Pb-upd On Nimentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition effect of underpotential deposition of metallic cations on aqueous corrosion of metals

Seo

2017

Corrosion Reviews

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“…Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) have become indispensable methods for imaging alloy surfaces 1,2,3,4 and surface alloys 5,6,7 with atomic resolution and chemical contrast. This paper focuses on the interpretation of STM/STS data of a transition metal alloy, the Fe 64 Ni 36 alloy, based on first principles calculations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical ordering and composition fluctuations at the (001) surface of theFe64Ni36Invar alloy

et al. 2006

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We report on a study of (001) oriented fcc Fe-Ni alloy surfaces which combines first-principles calculations and low-temperature STM experiments. Density functional theory calculations show that Fe-Ni alloy surfaces are buckled with the Fe atoms slightly shifted outwards and the Ni atoms inwards. This is consistent with the observation that the atoms in the surface layer can be chemically distinguished in the STM image: brighter spots (corrugation maxima with increased apparent height) indicate iron atoms, darker ones nickel atoms. This chemical contrast reveals a c(2×2) chemical order (50% Fe) with frequent Fe-rich defects on the Fe64Ni36(001) surface. The calculations also indicate that subsurface composition fluctuations may additionally modulate the apparent height of the surface atoms. The STM images show that this effect is pronounced compared to the surfaces of other disordered alloys, which suggests that some chemical order and corresponding concentration fluctuations exist also in the subsurface layers of Invar alloy. In addition, detailed electronic structure calculations allow us to identify the nature of a distinct peak below the Fermi level observed in the tunneling spectra. This peak corresponds to a surface resonance band which is particularly pronounced in iron-rich surface regions and provides a second type of chemical contrast with less spatial resolution but one that is essentially independent of the subsurface composition.

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“…As the metal coverage increases further up to one or two atomic layers, a large number of surface reconstruction phases or exotic surface structures occur in sequence before epitaxial 3D islands form at the 2D-to-3D growth mode transition with increasing coverage [271]. Another prototypical form of heteroepitaxial growth, in which the SK growth mode is considered to occur, is found in the bimetal epitaxial growth system Pb/Cu(111) [272][273][274]. It has been experimentally observed in this system that below 0.4 ML of Pb coverage, an ordered surface Pb-Cu alloy is formed; when the Pb coverage is increased further, the surface alloy decomposes or de-alloys, and 2D Pb islands are formed [273].…”

Section: Wetting Layer (Wl)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another prototypical form of heteroepitaxial growth, in which the SK growth mode is considered to occur, is found in the bimetal epitaxial growth system Pb/Cu(111) [272][273][274]. It has been experimentally observed in this system that below 0.4 ML of Pb coverage, an ordered surface Pb-Cu alloy is formed; when the Pb coverage is increased further, the surface alloy decomposes or de-alloys, and 2D Pb islands are formed [273]. Increasing the Pb coverage further causes a Pb film in the (111) orientation to form with a lattice constant close to the Pb bulk value until a complete film is formed [272].…”

Section: Wetting Layer (Wl)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-assembly of InAs quantum dots on GaAs(001) by molecular beam epitaxy

Jin

2015

Front. Phys.

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Currently, the nature of self-assembly of three-dimensional epitaxial islands or quantum dots (QDs) in a lattice-mismatched heteroepitaxial growth system, such as InAs/GaAs(001) and Ge/Si(001) as fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), is still puzzling. The purpose of this article is to discuss how the self-assembly of InAs QDs in MBE InAs/GaAs(001) should be properly understood in atomic scale. First, the conventional kinetic theories that have traditionally been used to interpret QD self-assembly in heteroepitaxial growth with a significant lattice mismatch are reviewed briefly by examining the literature of the past two decades. Second, based on their own experimental data, the authors point out that InAs QD self-assembly can proceed in distinctly different kinetic ways depending on the growth conditions and so cannot be framed within a universal kinetic theory, and, furthermore, that the process may be transient, or the time required for a QD to grow to maturity may be significantly short, which is obviously inconsistent with conventional kinetic theories. Third, the authors point out that, in all of these conventional theories, two well-established experimental observations have been overlooked: i) A large number of “floating” indium atoms are present on the growing surface in MBE InAs/GaAs(001); ii) an elastically strained InAs film on the GaAs(001) substrate should be mechanically unstable. These two well-established experimental facts may be highly relevant and should be taken into account in interpreting InAs QD formation. Finally, the authors speculate that the formation of an InAs QD is more likely to be a collective event involving a large number of both indium and arsenic atoms simultaneously or, alternatively, a morphological/structural transformation in which a single atomic InAs sheet is transformed into a three-dimensional InAs island, accompanied by the rehybridization from the sp 2-bonded to sp 3-bonded atomic configuration of both indium and arsenic elements in the heteroepitaxial growth system.

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Submonolayer growth of Pb on Cu( 111): surface alloying and de-alloying

Cited by 165 publications

References 22 publications

Inhibition effect of underpotential deposition of metallic cations on aqueous corrosion of metals

Inhibition effect of underpotential deposition of metallic cations on aqueous corrosion of metals

Chemical ordering and composition fluctuations at the (001) surface of theFe64Ni36Invar alloy

Self-assembly of InAs quantum dots on GaAs(001) by molecular beam epitaxy

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