Submersed in Social Segregation

DeLuca, Jaime R.

doi:10.1177/0193723513498605

Cited by 27 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…For example, ethnic subgroups may prefer to spend their leisure time, composed of discretionary activities, with individuals from similar backgrounds, or engaged in similar recreation activity and forest use practices. Ethnically concentrated use may reflect normative mechanisms helping to define a 'place' and the common activities occurring within it, in part inspired by information transmitted through community networks and direct experience [1,33,42]. Or, ethnic concentrations may reflect the underlying desire to avoid conflict and tension among groups with differing expectations and demands upon a shared space [32,33,42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equity in Access to Outdoor Recreation—Informing a Sustainable Future

et al. 2019

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Despite an increasingly ethnically and racially diverse population in the United States (U.S.), growing evidence indicates that minorities are underrepresented in national forest visitation. Many reasons for continuing underrepresentation have been examined, involving research reaching back multiple decades. In the current study, a random sample of residents (n = 1977) from four large metropolitan statistical areas in California was involved in a telephone survey about forest visitation. Analysis revealed a continuing pattern of inequities in lifetime visitation to a national forest, as well as recency of visitation. Constraints to national forest visitation show similarities among groups. Lack of time was the most often mentioned constraint, with resource-related constraints more frequently cited by minority respondents. In contrast to prior studies, a lack of information or concerns about discrimination were not cited by survey respondents, though the open-ended approach to top constraints may underpin some of this variation from prior research. The primary information source for outdoor recreation used most frequently and most trusted was the Internet, followed closely by social networks (family and friends). In the presentation of U.S. outdoor recreation information, natural resource management agencies, use groups, and opportunity providers would benefit from incorporating culturally relevant messaging and images to affirm the message of inclusion and welcome.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equity in Access to Outdoor Recreation—Informing a Sustainable Future

et al. 2019

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“…By contrast, experimental evidence indicates that landmarks that are of interest to white people (such as their workplaces, schools, pools, golf clubs and tennis clubs) tend to be placed relatively far from communities of colour 160 . Furthermore, analyses of existing institutional policies show that recreation facilities that are closer to communities of colour have more exclusionary barriers — such as fees or dress codes 160 , 161 . The history of practices of this kind explain the relatively low swimming rates among Black Americans and dramatically higher drowning rates among Black (relative to white) American residents 162 – 164 .…”

Section: Segregated Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systemic approach to the psychology of racial bias within individuals and society

et al. 2023

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Historically, the field of psychology has focused on racial biases at an individual level, considering the effects of various stimuli on individual racial attitudes and biases. This approach has provided valuable information, but not enough focus has been placed on the systemic nature of racial biases. In this Review, we examine the bidirectional relation between individual-level racial biases and broader societal systems through a systemic lens. We argue that systemic factors operating across levels — from the interpersonal to the cultural — contribute to the production and reinforcement of racial biases in children and adults. We consider the effects of five systemic factors on racial biases in the USA: power and privilege disparities, cultural narratives and values, segregated communities, shared stereotypes and nonverbal messages. We discuss evidence that these factors shape individual-level racial biases, and that individual-level biases shape systems and institutions to reproduce systemic racial biases and inequalities. We conclude with suggestions for interventions that could limit the effects of these influences and discuss future directions for the field.

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“…Once legal segregation was struck down, many swimming facilities were closed or privatized to prevent Black Americans from accessing them (Wiltse, 2014). To this day, many swimming pools are only available through private, restricted access clubs-especially in racially diverse areas (Anicich et al, 2021)-continuing to limit Black Americans' access to swimming (DeLuca, 2013). Failing to foreground this history allows the stereotype that Black people cannot swim to cover for the longstanding systemic racism that truly explains racial disparities in swimming and drowning rates (Hastings et al, 2006).…”

Section: The Construction Of Racial Stereotypes and How They Serve As...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Construction of Racial Stereotypes and How They Serve as Racial Propaganda

Melson-Silimon¹,

Spivey²,

Skinner-Dorkenoo³

2023

Preprint

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In social psychology, stereotypes have generally been viewed as overgeneralized beliefs about social groups in society. Although stereotypes—especially those that are negative—tend to be recognized as contributing to prejudice and discrimination of marginalized communities, they are often conceptualized as containing a “kernel of truth.” Meanwhile, there has been relatively little consideration of the historical and cultural origins of racial stereotypes. This is an important oversight given that stereotypes have and continue to be used as a means to excuse and reinforce the systemic oppression of communities of color. Thus, the current paper uses a historical framework to review major stereotypes that have targeted communities of color throughout U.S. history, with a focus on stereotypes of Black people. In doing so, we conceptualize racial stereotypes as propaganda that have historically functioned to support oppressive societal systems in the U.S. by both (a) shaping public perceptions and expectations and (b) by influencing the thoughts and behavior of members of stereotyped groups. By situating stereotypes within their historical and cultural frames, readers can recognize the way stereotypes reinforce systems of oppression. We conclude with research implications and encourage stereotyping scholars to foreground the social construction of stereotypes and the function that they serve by contextualizing their work in the social and historical context in which stereotypes emerged.

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Submersed in Social Segregation

Cited by 27 publications

References 41 publications

Equity in Access to Outdoor Recreation—Informing a Sustainable Future

Equity in Access to Outdoor Recreation—Informing a Sustainable Future

A systemic approach to the psychology of racial bias within individuals and society

The Construction of Racial Stereotypes and How They Serve as Racial Propaganda

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