Submerged Monoxenic Culture Medium Development for Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and its Symbiotic Bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens: Protein Sources

Cho, Chun Hwi; Whang, Kyung Sook; Gaugler, Randy; Yoo, Sun Kyun

doi:10.4014/jmb.1010.10055

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…In the last years, Lactobacillus spp. received increasing attention as an important resource for the design of a new generation of malolactic fermentation starter cultures (du Toit et al, 2010), insomuch as we found in commerce malolactic starter formulate using L. plantarum V22 strain released in 2010 by Lallemand (Cho et al, 2011; Miller et al, 2011). Other than malic acid decarboxylation, the main advantages of L. plantarum employed were: resistance to the stressing wine conditions, production of wine aroma compounds, production of plantaricins, all important factors to compete with spoilage LAB (du Toit et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Biogenic Amines Degradation by Lactobacillus plantarum: Toward a Potential Application in Wine

Capozzi¹,

Russo²,

Ladero³

et al. 2012

Front. Microbio.

135

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Biogenic amines (BA) in wine represent a toxicological risk for the health of the consumer, with several trade implications. In this study 26 strains of Lactobacillus plantarum were analyzed for their ability to degrade BA commonly found during wine fermentation. Two strains of L. plantarum were selected in reason of their ability to degrade putrescine and tyramine. The degradation was assessed in vitro, both in presence of the BA and in presence of the specific chemical precursor and of producer bacteria. The two L. plantarum biotypes were found capable to work synergically. In addition, the survival in wine-like medium and the aptitude to degrade malic acid after alcoholic fermentation of the selected L. plantarum strains was analyzed. Our results suggest the potential application of wine L. plantarum strains to design malolactic starter cultures able to degrade BA in wine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Biogenic Amines Degradation by Lactobacillus plantarum: Toward a Potential Application in Wine

Capozzi¹,

Russo²,

Ladero³

et al. 2012

Front. Microbio.

135

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“…Research on liquid culture production of EPNs has focused on improving yield, nematode quality, and production costs by optimizing medium and culture conditions (Cho et al, 2011). However, no study has been conducted to assess the effects of media with agar and high agitation speed (280 rpm) on nematode production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Nutrient Concentration, Addition of Thickeners, and Agitation Speed on Liquid Fermentation of Steinernema feltiae

Leite¹,

Shapiro‐Ilan²,

Hazır³

et al. 2016

Journal of Nematology

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Entomopathogenic nematode production in liquid fermentation still requires improvements to maximize efficiency, yield, and nematode quality. Therefore, this study was aimed at developing a more suitable liquid medium for mass production of Steinernema feltiae, by assessing the effects of nutrient concentration, thickeners (primarily agar), and agitation speed on infective juvenile (IJ) yield. Base medium (BM) contained yeast extract (2.3%), egg yolk (1.25%), NaCl (0.5%), and corn oil (4%). All media were inoculated with Xenorhabdus bovienii, and 2 d later, with 2-d-old S. feltiae juveniles. For the nutrient concentration experiment, we evaluated the base medium versus a modified base medium containing all the components, but with 33 concentrations of yeast extract (6.9%), egg yolk (3.75%), and corn oil (12%). The nematodes and bacteria were cultured in 150-ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing 50 ml of liquid medium at (258C) and 180 rpm on a rotary shaker incubator. To assess the effect of thickeners, IJs were inoculated in BM with agar (0.2%), carrageen (0.2%), and carboxymethyl cellulose (0.2% and 0.5%). The addition of 33 more nutrients relative to the BM resulted in a significantly lower yield of nematodes. For agar and agitation speed experiments, five levels of agar in the BM (0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8% agar) and two agitation speeds (180 and 280 rpm) were evaluated for production. Increasing agitation speed from 180 to 280 rpm and higher levels of agar in the medium (. 0.2%) significantly increased the yield of bacteria. At the lower agitation speed, media amended with 0.4% and 0.6% agar produced higher nematode yields compared to media without agar. Media with 0.2% and 0.8% agar resulted in intermediate levels of nematode production. At the higher agitation speed, media supplemented with 0.8% agar resulted in the lowest yield of nematodes when compared to the other media tested. Results indicated that increasing nutrient concentration levels was detrimental to nematode production. Also, media containing agar (0.4% and 0.6%) increased nematode yields when cultures were grown at low agitation speed. When IJs were used as the inoculum, 0.2% agar also enhanced recovery and nematode yield at the higher agitation speed.

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“…In particular, studies dealing with media formulation, pH, temperature, nematode inoculum quality/ quantity, hydrodynamics and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration on IJ yield in mass production experiments are essential for developing a commercial in vitro liquid process. There are few reports available for optimising carbohydrate, lipid and protein (Chun-Hwi, Whang, Gaugler, & Yoo, 2011;Yoo, Brown, & Gaugler, 2000), along with identifying the suitable mode (batch & fed-batch) of fermentation (Jeffke, Jende, Matje, Ehlers, & Berthe-Corti, 2000). Attempts have been made to optimise the timing of inoculation of nematodes to the bioreactor as well (Johnigk, Ecke, Poehling, & Ehlers, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Determination of specific oxygen uptake rate ofPhotorhabdus luminescensduring submerged culture in lab scale bioreactor

Belur

Inman

Holmes

2013

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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Photorhabdus luminescens, a bacterial symbiont of entomoparasitic nematodes, was cultured in a 10 L bioreactor. Cellular density and bioluminescence were recorded and volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (k L a) and specific oxygen transfer rates were determined during the batch process. Exponential phase of the bacterium lasted for 20 h, showing a maximum specific growth rate of 0.339 h −1 in a defined medium. Bioluminescence peaked within 21h, and was maintained until the end of the batch process (48 h). The specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) was high during both lag and early exponential phase, and eventually reached a stable value of 0.33 mmol g −1 h −1 during stationary phase. Maintenance of 200 rpm agitation and 1.4 volume of air per volume of medium per minute (vvm) aeration, gave rise to a k L a value of 39.5 h −1 . This k L a value was sufficient to meet the oxygen demand of 14.4 g L −1 (DCW) biomass. This research is particularly relevant since there are no reports available on SOURs of symbiotic bacteria or their nematode partners. The insight gained through this study will be useful during the development of a submerged monoxenic culture of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and its symbiotic bacterium P. luminescens in bioreactors.

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Submerged Monoxenic Culture Medium Development for Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and its Symbiotic Bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens: Protein Sources

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Biogenic Amines Degradation by Lactobacillus plantarum: Toward a Potential Application in Wine

Biogenic Amines Degradation by Lactobacillus plantarum: Toward a Potential Application in Wine

The Effects of Nutrient Concentration, Addition of Thickeners, and Agitation Speed on Liquid Fermentation of Steinernema feltiae

Determination of specific oxygen uptake rate ofPhotorhabdus luminescensduring submerged culture in lab scale bioreactor

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