Submerged Liquid Plasma for the Synthesis of Unconventional Nitrogen Polymers

Abstract

Glow discharge polymerization is not well understood due to the rapid/complex reaction at the plasma/gas precursor interface. Plasma reaction in a submerged condition allows post-plasma-polymerization, leading to further polymer growth and thus a stable structure. Electron collision with acetonitrile at the interface initiates the formation of radical monomers, which undergoes further rearrangement to form low-molecular (LM) nitrogen polymers (NPs). The radical-rich LM NPs go through further polymerization, forming stable high-molecular (HM) NPs (as determined using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry). LM NPs absorb light at a wavelength of 270 nm (λ max) whereas HM NPs show absorption at 420 nm (λ max), as determined from ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra. The fluorescence spectra of HM NPs show characteristic emission at 430 nm, which indicates the presence of nitrogen functional groups with external conjugation. The proposed structure of HM NPs is verified with different analytical instruments.

Fastest Formation Routes of Nanocarbons in Solution Plasma Processes

“…In such systems, the plasma enables unique reactions such as C–H activation reactions at the interface between the solution and plasma, whereas conventional plasma induces random decomposition reactions. We have fabricated graphene, heterographene, nanocarbon sheets, and nanocarbon spheres via solution plasma from organic solutions containing solvents such as benzene, toluene, pyridine, or pyrazine60616263646566676869707172. Moreover, the reaction rate is substantially higher than the rates of other synthesis methods such as chemical vapor deposition and pyrolysis synthesis.…”

Liquid crystal polaroid glass electrode from e-waste for synchronized removal/recovery of Cr +6 from wastewater by microbial fuel cell

“…The band corresponds to alkoxy (C-AOAC) and oxy (OAC) groups appeared at 1367 and 1031 cm À1 , respectively. The band corresponds to 2135 cm À1 is attributed to C"N (Senthilnathan et al, 2013). The above observation clearly indicates the presence of polymers/isotropic dyes with functional groups of NH 2 , C"N, C@O, OAC and CAOAC on LCPGE electrode surfaces.…”

Scalable One-Pot Synthesis of Nitrogen and Boron Co-doped Few Layered Graphene by Submerged Liquid Plasma Exfoliation

“…The distance between cathode and anode is ∼2.0 mm kept as constant for all experiments by using a moving stage assembly (Translation Stage Triple-Divide Series 9064 and 9065) operated by a computer. A discharge voltage was applied between the two electrodes with respect to the concentration of boron in the solvents (the applied discharge voltage of 300-400 V, 275-350 V, 245-320 V, and 208-300 V for the reaction mixtures containing the concentration of 5, 2.5, 1.0, and 0.1 mM boron in 0.77 mol of ACN solvent, respectively), a pulse delay of 250 µs, and a pulse width of 10 µs using a pulse generator (AVTECH AV-1022-C) connected to a high-voltage amplifier (TREK Model 609E-6), which can generate 0.1-5 kV (Senthilnathan et al, 2013(Senthilnathan et al, , 2014a(Senthilnathan et al, ,b,c, 2015Sanjeeva Rao et al, 2014). The powder X-ray diffraction (Bruker new D8 ADVANCE instrument equipped with a monochromatic Cu Kα radiation with a wavelength of 1.5418 Å, which is operated at 40 kV and 40 mA measurement.…”

“…(1) GO/reduced-GO synthesized by chemical, electrochemical and liquid phase exfoliation, and (2) doping step by solidstate reaction, hydrothermal/solvothermal, electrochemical and chemical vapor deposition method (Agnoli and Favaro, 2016). Although, there have been numerous reports on the synthesizing of NGs and BGs (Usachov et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2012;Senthilnathan et al, 2013Senthilnathan et al, , 2014aSenthilnathan et al, ,b,c, 2015Lazar et al, 2014;Sanjeeva Rao et al, 2014), the simultaneous exfoliated graphite and multiple-heteroatom doping (N and B) into the graphene framework could be practically challenged at one-pot synthesis.…”

“…Herein, we propose a simple strategy on simultaneous graphite exfoliation, and N and B co-doping into a fewlayered GNs by SLPE, as a proof of concept proposed by Yoshimura et al (Senthilnathan et al, 2013(Senthilnathan et al, , 2014a(Senthilnathan et al, ,b,c, 2015Sanjeeva Rao et al, 2014). Therefore, the strategy presented here will be practically a useful option for exploring the multipleheteroatom doping into a large family of two-dimensional (2D) material manufacturing such as, transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), h-BN and borophene (Gogotsi, 2015;Satheeshkumar et al, 2016a,b;Anasori et al, 2017;Sarycheva et al, 2017) by the non-conventional method.…”