Submarine springs and coastal karst aquifers: A review

Fleury, Perrine; Bakalowicz, Michel; Marsily, Ghislain de

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.03.009

Cited by 228 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…A global assessment [8] showed that concentrated SGD's occur along coastal volcanic and karst aquifers. Among them, karst submarine springs (KSMS) are the most common and are known everywhere offshore carbonate rock formations, especially along the coasts of Florida (see e.g., [9,10]) and of Yucatan [11,12].…”

Section: Diffuse Versus Concentrated Submarine Groundwater Dischargementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among them, karst submarine springs (KSMS) are the most common and are known everywhere offshore carbonate rock formations, especially along the coasts of Florida (see e.g., [9,10]) and of Yucatan [11,12]. However according to [8], more than 90% of them occur along the Mediterranean coasts ( Figure 1) where the most spectacular ones are described. They are related to carbonate formations which outcrop all around the Mediterranean, up to 500,000 km 2 of the Mediterranean watershed [13].…”

Section: Diffuse Versus Concentrated Submarine Groundwater Dischargementioning

confidence: 99%

“…means that the fresh water head in the conduit is less than 1 m, what is common in karst conduits where the hydraulic gradient is very low during the low stage. Contrarily to what some authors thought (see [8]), it is not necessary to invoke a special shape of the conduit such as a Venturi to explain the natural intrusion of sea water.…”

Section: The Issue Of Offshore Fresh Groundwater Capturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coastal Karst Groundwater in the Mediterranean: A Resource to Be Preferably Exploited Onshore, Not from Karst Submarine Springs

Bakalowicz

2018

Geosciences

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Coastal karst aquifers are common in the Mediterranean basin. With their significant potential storage capacity, they are an attractive groundwater resource in areas where the water demand is the most important. They discharge either at the coastal zone or directly into the sea at karst submarine springs (KSMS). Decision makers take an interest in this unconventional groundwater resource and are convinced by companies and research consultancies that KSMS's should be exploited because they would discharge huge amount of fresh water. Being now well documented, the occurrence of KSMS's along the Mediterranean coast is discussed in the light of recent geological history favourable to the development of karst. Conduit flow conditions are common, inherited from an intense phase of karstification during the Messinian Crisis of Salinity at the end of Miocene, when the sea level was 1500 to 2500 m below present sea level. From investigations carried out along the coasts of France and the Levant, compared with studies done along other Mediterranean coastlines, it appears that capturing groundwater discharged at KSMS raises different problems which make the operation dicey and expansive.

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Section: Diffuse Versus Concentrated Submarine Groundwater Dischargementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diffuse Versus Concentrated Submarine Groundwater Dischargementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Issue Of Offshore Fresh Groundwater Capturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coastal Karst Groundwater in the Mediterranean: A Resource to Be Preferably Exploited Onshore, Not from Karst Submarine Springs

Bakalowicz

2018

Geosciences

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“…Stringfield and Legrand 1971;Arfib et al 2007;Fleury et al 2007a) have pointed out that submarine karstic springs are connected to preferential flows below sea level within karst conduits. Current karst flows are closely linked to paleo-base levels (Audra and Palmer 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Karst features that form a network for groundwater flows may exist deep below the current sea level and may be connected to the current submarine springs by karst chimney-shafts (Mocochain et al 2011). Paleo-springs that drained the karst aquifer during the low sea level stage may have been partially or totally clogged during the following transgression stage, either by marine sediments or by deposits from inside the karst (Fleury et al 2007a, Tassy et al 2014). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into saline intrusion and freshwater resources in coastal karstic aquifers using a lumped Rainfall–Discharge–Salinity model (the Port-Miou brackish spring, SE France)

Arfib

Charlier²

2016

Journal of Hydrology

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. Insights into saline intrusion and freshwater resources in coastal karstic aquifers using a lumped Rainfall-Discharge-Salinity model (the Port-Miou brackish spring, SE France). Journal of Hydrology, Elsevier, 2016, 540, pp.148-161. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016 Accepted Manuscript This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop a conceptual model of saline intrusion within coastal karst aquifers by analyzing rainfall-discharge-salinity data and to assess freshwater resources using a lumped modeling approach. In a first step, we analyzed 4 years of data (rainfall, discharge and salinity times series) of the Port-Miou brackish submarine spring in South France (400 km²). A conceptual model of the aquifer was then designed to differentiate a deep brackish reservoir and a shallower fresh one. Salinity variations at the spring are assumed to be controlled mainly by dilution originating from the fresh water in the shallower reservoir. In a second step, a lumped modeling approach was developed based on the conceptual model to simulate discharge as well as salinity over time. We proposed a reservoir-model to take into account slow and fast components in the shallower part of the aquifer and a saline intrusion in the deeper one. This Rainfall-Discharge-Salinity model was calibrated and validated for two periods of 1.5 years at a daily time step and was also tested to reproduce a multi-annual evolution of the available discharge and salinity time series. Good simulation results were obtained to reproduce water and mass budgets as well as discharge and salinity dynamics 2 during several hydrological cycles. The simultaneous modeling of hydrodynamics and quality data showed the robustness of the model in addition to its easy implementation. Our results led us to propose a new type of seawater mixing mechanism for brackish springs: the dilution type, in addition to the well-known Ventury suction and Head balance types. The application of the lumped model on the Port-Miou brackish spring validated the hydrogeological processes deduced from experimental data, given an initial quantification of the freshwater resources available in such complex brackish karstic aquifers.

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Karst water resources in a changing world: Review of hydrological modeling approaches

et al. 2014

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Karst regions represent 7–12% of the Earth's continental area, and about one quarter of the global population is completely or partially dependent on drinking water from karst aquifers. Climate simulations project a strong increase in temperature and a decrease of precipitation in many karst regions in the world over the next decades. Despite this potentially bleak future, few studies specifically quantify the impact of climate change on karst water resources. This review provides an introduction to karst, its evolution, and its particular hydrological processes. We explore different conceptual models of karst systems and how they can be translated into numerical models of varying complexity and therefore varying data requirements and depths of process representation. We discuss limitations of current karst models and show that at the present state, we face a challenge in terms of data availability and information content of the available data. We conclude by providing new research directions to develop and evaluate better prediction models to address the most challenging problems of karst water resources management, including opportunities for data collection and for karst model applications at so far unprecedented scales.

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Submarine springs and coastal karst aquifers: A review

Cited by 228 publications

References 45 publications

Coastal Karst Groundwater in the Mediterranean: A Resource to Be Preferably Exploited Onshore, Not from Karst Submarine Springs

Coastal Karst Groundwater in the Mediterranean: A Resource to Be Preferably Exploited Onshore, Not from Karst Submarine Springs

Insights into saline intrusion and freshwater resources in coastal karstic aquifers using a lumped Rainfall–Discharge–Salinity model (the Port-Miou brackish spring, SE France)

Karst water resources in a changing world: Review of hydrological modeling approaches

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