Submarine slope degradation and aggradation and the stratigraphic evolution of channel–levee systems

Hodgson, David M.; Celma, Claudio Di; Brunt, Rufus L.; Flint, Stephen S.

doi:10.1144/0016-76492010-177

Cited by 127 publications

(193 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…3) contains an approximately 1.8 km thick succession of deep-marine deposits . Grecula et al, 2003;Figueiredo et al 2009;Hodgson et al, 2011a;Spychala et al, 2015) to wave-dominated shelf and shelf-edge deposits (the ~350 m-thick Waterford Formation, Oliveira et al, 2011, Jones et al, 2013Fig. 3).…”

Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The outcrops provide a unique opportunity to study the depositional architecture of deep-water systems across multiple stratigraphic scales, from sedimentary facies-to seismic-scale, and are considered a valuable field analogue (Hodgson et al, 2011a;Flint et al, 2011;Morris et al 2014). …”

Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1; 2), have been utilised as an analogue for sub-seismic scale depositional elements, and facies distributions for many hydrocarbon fields (e.g. Grecula et al, 2003, Sixsmith et al, 2004, Hodgson et al, 2011aFlint et al, 2011;Di Celma et al, 2011;Brunt et al, 2013a, b;Morris et al, Interpretation 5 2014). Detailed studies have culminated in the correlation of stacked deep water composite sequences across the Karoo Basin over a >2500km 2 area, allowing high resolution study of the evolution of a basin through the stages of its fill (Van der Merwe et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Palinspastic restoration of an exhumed deepwater system: A workflow to improve paleogeographic reconstructions

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Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Palinspastic restoration of an exhumed deepwater system: A workflow to improve paleogeographic reconstructions

et al. 2015

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“…8B; Deptuck et al 2003Deptuck et al , 2008Gee et al 2007;Hodgson et al 2011;McHargue et al 2011;Sylvester et al 2011). The coarser-grained parts of these systems often form important hydrocarbon reservoirs.…”

Section: (D) Submarine Channels: Flow Dynamics and Deposit Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Key Future Directions For Research On Turbidity Currents and Their Deposits

Talling

Allin

Armitage

et al. 2015

Journal of Sedimentary Research

160

117

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Turbidity currents, and other types of submarine sediment density flow, redistribute more sediment across the surface of the Earth than any other sediment flow process, yet their sediment concentration has never been measured directly in the deep ocean. The deposits of these flows are of societal importance as imperfect records of past earthquakes and tsunamogenic landslides and as the reservoir rocks for many deep-water petroleum accumulations. Key future research directions on these flows and their deposits were identified at an informal workshop in September 2013. This contribution summarizes conclusions from that workshop, and engages the wider community in this debate. International efforts are needed for an initiative to monitor and understand a series of test sites where flows occur frequently, which needs coordination to optimize sharing of equipment and interpretation of data. Direct monitoring observations should be combined with cores and seismic data to link flow and deposit character, whilst experimental and numerical models play a key role in understanding field observations. Such an initiative may be timely and feasible, due to recent technological advances in monitoring sensors, moorings, and autonomous data recovery. This is illustrated here by recently collected data from the Squamish River delta, Monterey Canyon, Congo Canyon, and offshore SE Taiwan. A series of other key topics are then highlighted. Theoretical considerations suggest that supercritical flows may often occur on gradients of greater than , 0.6u. Trains of up-slope-migrating bedforms have recently been mapped in a wide range of marine and freshwater settings. They may result from repeated hydraulic jumps in supercritical flows, and dense (greater than approximately 10% volume) near-bed layers may need to be invoked to explain transport of heavy (25 to 1,000 kg) blocks. Future work needs to understand how sediment is transported in these bedforms, the internal structure and preservation potential of their deposits, and their use in facies prediction. Turbulence damping may be widespread and commonplace in submarine sediment density flows, particularly as flows decelerate, because it can occur at low (, 0.1%) volume concentrations. This could have important implications for flow evolution and deposit geometries. Better quantitative constraints are needed on what controls flow capacity and competence, together with improved constraints on bed erosion and sediment resuspension. Recent advances in understanding dilute or mainly saline flows in submarine channels should be extended to explore how flow behavior changes as sediment concentrations increase. The petroleum industry requires predictive models of longer-term channel system behavior and resulting deposit architecture, and for these purposes it is important to distinguish between geomorphic and stratigraphic surfaces

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“…The lowermost Ecca Group is mudstonedominated at the base (Prince Albert, Whitehill, Collingham, Vischkuil, and Tierberg formations) and is overlain by basinfloor, sandy turbidite strata (Skoorsteenberg, Laingsburg, and Ripon formations; Bouma and Wickens 1994;Catuneanu et al 2002). The upper Ecca Group consists of submarine slope channel/levee systems (Fort Brown Formation; Hodgson et al 2011) and shelf-edge and shelf clastics (Kookfontein and Waterford formations; Wild et al 2009;Flint et al 2011;Jones et al 2013) that record diachronous filling of the basin (Rubidge 2000). The Beaufort Group records the transition to terrestrial deposystems and evolution of terrestrial vertebrates and macroflora (Groenewald and Kitching 1995;Smith 1995;Gastaldo et al 2005).…”

Section: Geologic Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

U-PB zircon tuff geochronology from the Karoo Basin, South Africa: implications of zircon recycling on stratigraphic age controls

McKay

Weislogel

Fildani³

et al. 2015

International Geology Review

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Along the >650 km long southern margin of the Karoo Basin in South Africa, we traversed four evenly spaced stratigraphic transects and collected 22 samples of volcanic, air-fall tuffs thought to be distal deposits derived from the Permian-Triassic Southern Gondwanan volcanic arc. We present 469 new U-Pb zircon ages determined by sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe reverse geometry (SHRIMP-RG) at the Stanford-USGS Microanalytical Center in order to constrain the maximum depositional ages for the southern Karoo Basin strata. Weighted means of these youngest coherent zircon populations were selected to maximize the number of analyses while minimizing the mean square weighted deviation (MSWD) to increase the robustness and decrease the influence of Pb-loss and inheritance in determining the maximum depositional age. Maximum depositional ages for the marine Ecca Group range from 250 to 274 Ma, whereas in the conformably overlying terrestrial Beaufort Group maximum depositional ages ranged from 257 to 452 Ma. Across the southern Karoo Basin, the Ecca Group tuffs produce maximum depositional ages that young upward; however, the Beaufort Group tuffs yield maximum depositional ages that are geochronologically out of sequence. Furthermore, maximum depositional ages of the Beaufort Group tuffs are consistently older than ash ages within the underlying marine strata. Our results are supported by previously published U-Pb tuff zircon geochronology in the Karoo Basin and demonstrate that the presence of out-of-sequence, older tuff ages are repeatable in Beaufort Group tuffs along the southern margin of the basin. We propose that tuffs in the Karoo Basin are correlative with tuffs in southern South America, and that the age spectra of these tuffs were influenced by magmatic crustal recycling. We use these data to highlight the complexity of U-Pb zircon datasets from tuffs, address the use of U-Pb zircon ages to provide absolute age controls, and discuss the implications of these new age controls on the Permian-Triassic Karoo strata.

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Submarine slope degradation and aggradation and the stratigraphic evolution of channel–levee systems

Cited by 127 publications

References 18 publications

Palinspastic restoration of an exhumed deepwater system: A workflow to improve paleogeographic reconstructions

Palinspastic restoration of an exhumed deepwater system: A workflow to improve paleogeographic reconstructions

Key Future Directions For Research On Turbidity Currents and Their Deposits

U-PB zircon tuff geochronology from the Karoo Basin, South Africa: implications of zircon recycling on stratigraphic age controls

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