Submarine silicic caldera at the front of the Izu-Bonin arc, Japan: Voluminous seafloor eruptions of rhyolite pumice

Fiske, Richard S.; Naka, Jiro; Iizasa, Kokichi; Yuasa, Motohiro; Klaus, A.

doi:10.1130/0016-7606(2001)113<0813:sscatf>2.0.co;2

Cited by 150 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Caldera diameters range from 1.6 to 6 km, within the somewhat larger range of caldera diameters recorded in the Tonga-Kermadec (Wright et al, 2006;Massoth et al, 2007;I.J. Graham et al, 2008) and Izu-Bonin (Yuasa et al, 1991;Fiske et al, 2001;Tani et al, 2008) intraoceanic arcs. Floors of the submarine calderas are imaged as nearly flat, with local mounds that may represent lavas or large hydrothermal mounds.…”

Section: Caldera Collapsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is therefore possible that there is a general association between silicic products and caldera collapse in the South Sandwich arc as well documented in the Tonga-Kermadec (Worthington et al, 1999;Smith et al, 2003;Wright et al, 2006; I.J. Barker et al, 2012), Izu-Bonin (Fiske et al, 2001;Tani et al, 2008) and Vanuatu (Robin et al, 1993;Monzier et al, 1994) intra-oceanic arcs. Historic volcanic or hydrothermal activity has been observed at most of the South Sandwich calderas (Table 2).…”

Section: Caldera Collapsementioning

confidence: 99%

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Volcanic evolution of the South Sandwich volcanic arc, South Atlantic, from multibeam bathymetry

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Tate

et al. 2013

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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New multibeam bathymetry data are presented for the South Sandwich intra-oceanic arc which occupies the small Sandwich plate in the South Atlantic, and is widely considered to be a simple end-member in the range of intra-oceanic arc types. The images show for the first time the distribution of submarine volcanic, tectonic and erosional-depositional features along the whole length of the 540 km long volcanic arc, allowing systematic investigation of along-arc variations. The data confirm that the volcanic arc has a simple structure composed of large volcanoes which form a well-defined volcanic front, but with three parallel crosscutting seamount chains extending 38-60 km from near the volcanic front into the rear-arc. There is no evidence for intra-arc rifting or extinct volcanic lines. Topographic evidence for faulting is generally absent, except near the northern and southern plate boundaries. Most of the volcanic arc appears to be built on ocean crust formed at the associated back-arc spreading centre, as previously proposed from magnetic data, but the southern part of the arc appears to be underlain by older arc or continental crust whose west-facing rifted margin facing the back-arc basin is defined by the new bathymetry. The new survey shows nine main volcanic edifices along the volcanic front and ca. 20 main seamounts. The main volcanoes form largely glaciated islands with summits 3.0-3.5 km above base levels which are 2500-3000 m deep in the north and shallower at 2000-2500 m deep in the south. Some of the component seamounts are interpreted to have been active since the last glacial maximum, and so are approximately contemporaneous with the volcanic front volcanism. Seven calderas, all either submarine or ice-filled, have been identified: Adventure volcano, a newly discovered submarine volcanic front caldera volcano is described for the first time. All but one of the calderas are situated on summits of large volcanoes in the southern part of the arc, and most are associated with current or historic volcanic or hydrothermal activity. Shallow shelves around the islands are generally 1-10 km wide. Submerged banks up to 1100 m deep are interpreted as subsided erosional surfaces. Seamounts and emergent volcanoes experienced a range of mass wasting processes including by landsliding and smaller mass flows. KeywordsVolcanic arc, subduction zone, caldera, seamount, submarine volcanism The importance of the South Sandwich volcanic arcThe South Sandwich volcanic arc, situated in the South Atlantic ( Fig. 1), is a tectonically simple, active, intra-oceanic arc, and is ideally suited to studies of volcanic arc crustal structure, geochemical investigation of mantle processes above a subduction zone, and sedimentation in an early stage of arc evolution. The active arc is built largely on oceanic crust of the small Sandwich plate which formed about 10 Ma at the back-arc East Scotia ridge spreading centre . The arc is forming in response to steeply inclined subduction of the South American plate beneath the Sand...

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Section: Caldera Collapsementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Caldera Collapsementioning

confidence: 99%

Volcanic evolution of the South Sandwich volcanic arc, South Atlantic, from multibeam bathymetry

Leat

Day

Tate

et al. 2013

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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“…This depth is generally recognized to be about 2001 000 m and less, depending on magma composition and volatile content (e.g. Kokelaar, 1986;Bonatti and Harrison, 1988;Gill et al, 1990;Oshima et al, 1991;Heikinian et al, 1991;Binard et al, 1992;Wright, 1996Wright, , 1999White, 1996;Kano, 1998;Fiske et al, 1998Fiske et al, , 2001Hunns and McPhie, 1999) and is referred to as the volatile fragmentation depth (Fisher and Schmincke, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep submarine pyroclastic eruptions: theory and predicted landforms and deposits

Head

Wilson

2003

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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153

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Submarine pyroclastic eruptions at depths greater than a few hundred meters are generally considered to be rare or absent because the pressure of the overlying water column is sufficient to suppress juvenile gas exsolution so that magmatic disruption and pyroclastic activity do not occur. Consideration of detailed models of the ascent and eruption of magma in a range of sea floor environments shows, however, that significant pyroclastic activity can occur even at depths in excess of 3000 m. In order to document and illustrate the full range of submarine eruption styles, we model several possible scenarios for the ascent and eruption of magma feeding submarine eruptions: (1) no gas exsolution; (2) gas exsolution but no magma disruption; (3) gas exsolution, magma disruption, and hawaiian-style fountaining; (4) volatile content builds up in the magma reservoir leading to hawaiian eruptions resulting from foam collapse; (5) magma volatile content insufficient to cause fragmentation normally but low rise speed results in strombolian activity; and (6) volatile content builds up in the top of a dike leading to vulcanian eruptions. We also examine the role of bulk-interaction steam explosivity and contact-surface steam explosivity as processes contributing to volcaniclastic formation in these environments. We concur with most earlier workers that for magma compositions typical of spreading centers and their vicinities, the most likely circumstance is the quiet effusion of magma with minor gas exsolution, and the production of somewhat vesicular pillow lavas or sheet flows, depending on effusion rate. The amounts by which magma would overshoot the vent in these types of eruptions would be insufficient to cause any magma disruption. The most likely mechanism of production of pyroclastic deposits in this environment is strombolian activity, due to the localized concentration of volatiles in magma that has a low rise rate; magmatic gas collects by bubble coalescence, and ascends in large isolated bubbles which disrupt the magma surface in the vent, producing localized blocks, bombs, and pyroclastic deposits. Another possible mode of occurrence of pyroclastic deposits results from vulcanian eruptions; these deposits, being characterized by the dominance of angular blocks of country rocks deposited in the vicinity of a crater, should be easily distinguishable from strombolian and hawaiian eruptions. However, we stress that a special case of the hawaiian eruption style is likely to occur in the submarine environment if magmatic gas buildup occurs in a magma reservoir by the upward drift of gas bubbles. In this case, a layer of foam will build up at the top of the reservoir in a sufficient concentration to exceed the volatile content necessary for disruption and hawaiian-style activity; the deposits and landforms are predicted to be somewhat different from those of a typical primary magmatic volatile-induced hawaiian eruption. Specifically, typical pyroclast sizes might be smaller; fountain heights may exceed those expe...

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“…Yuasa 1995;Fiske et al 2001), bathymetric surveys (e.g. Yamamoto et al 1991;Yuasa et al 1991;Fiske et al 2001) and dredge sampling (e.g. Kato 1987;Wright and Gamble 1999;Wright et al 2003), and from ancient successions that have been uplifted to subaerial settings (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Volcanological studies rely on data from modern oceanographic submersible surveys (e.g. Yuasa 1995;Fiske et al 2001), bathymetric surveys (e.g. Yamamoto et al 1991;Yuasa et al 1991;Fiske et al 2001) and dredge sampling (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facies architecture and Late Pliocene – Pleistocene evolution of a felsic volcanic island, Milos, Greece

2006

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The volcanic island of Milos, Greece, comprises an Upper Pliocene -Pleistocene, thick (up to 700 m), compositionally and texturally diverse succession of calcalkaline, volcanic, and sedimentary rocks that record a transition from a relatively shallow but dominantly belowwave-base submarine setting to a subaerial one. The volcanic activity began at 2.66±0.07 Ma and has been more or less continuous since then. Subaerial emergence probably occurred at 1.44±0.08 Ma, in response to a combination of volcanic constructional processes and faultcontrolled volcano-tectonic uplift. The architecture of the dominantly felsic-intermediate volcanic succession reflects contrasts in eruption style, proximity to source, depositional environment and emplacement processes. The juxtaposition of submarine and subaerial facies indicates that for part of the volcanic history, below-wave base to abovewave base, and shoaling to subaerial depositional environments coexisted in most areas. The volcanic facies architecture comprises interfingering proximal (near vent), medial and distal facies associations related to five main volcano types: (1) submarine felsic cryptodome-pumice cone volcanoes; (2) submarine dacitic and andesitic lava domes; (3) submarine-to-subaerial scoria cones; (4) submarine-tosubaerial dacitic and andesitic lava domes and (5) subaerial lava-pumice cone volcanoes. The volcanic facies are

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Submarine silicic caldera at the front of the Izu-Bonin arc, Japan: Voluminous seafloor eruptions of rhyolite pumice

Cited by 150 publications

References 27 publications

Volcanic evolution of the South Sandwich volcanic arc, South Atlantic, from multibeam bathymetry

Volcanic evolution of the South Sandwich volcanic arc, South Atlantic, from multibeam bathymetry

Deep submarine pyroclastic eruptions: theory and predicted landforms and deposits

Facies architecture and Late Pliocene – Pleistocene evolution of a felsic volcanic island, Milos, Greece

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