Submarine landforms and glacimarine sedimentary processes in Lomfjorden, East Spitsbergen

Streuff, Katharina; Cofaigh, Colm Ó; Noormets, Riko; Lloyd, Jeremy M.

doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2017.04.014

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Due to their transverse orientation and symmetric cross profiles, these ridges are interpreted as moraine ridges formed during stillstands and/or re-advances of the grounding line, similar to observations from other Spitsbergen fjords (e.g. Ottesen & Dowdeswell 2006;Baeten et al 2010;Kempf et al 2013;Flink et al 2015;Streuff et al 2017).…”

Section: Moraine Ridgessupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Similar landforms occur in Rijpfjorden (~140 km NE of Wijdefjorden) and Lomfjorden ( Fig. 1; Fransner et al 2017;Streuff et al 2017).…”

Section: Sea-floor Geomorphology: Description and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Hald et al 2004;Forwick & Vorren 2009). The stratification may reflect seasonal variation in meltwater and sediment input causing variations in grain size and colour (Svendsen et al 1992;O Cofaigh & Dowdeswell 2001;Forwick & Vorren 2009;Streuff et al 2017). The less pronounced stratification towards the top of the unit may indicate a transition to more distal conditions.…”

Section: (Continued)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Quaternary glacier and sea‐ice history of northern Wijdefjorden, Svalbard

Allaart

Müller

Schomacker

et al. 2020

Boreas

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The deglaciation history and Holocene environmental evolution of northern Wijdefjorden, Svalbard, are reconstructed using sediment cores and acoustic data (multibeam swath bathymetry and sub‐bottom profiler data). Results reveal that the fjord mouth was deglaciated prior to 14.5±0.3 cal. ka BP and deglaciation occurred stepwise. Biomarker analyses show rapid variations in water temperature and sea ice cover during the deglaciation, and cold conditions during the Younger Dryas, followed by minimum sea ice cover throughout the Early Holocene, until c. 7 cal. ka BP. Most of the glaciers in Wijdefjorden had retreated onto land by c. 7.6±0.2 cal. ka BP. Subsequently, the sea‐ice extent increased and remained high throughout the last part of the Holocene. We interpret a high Late Holocene sediment accumulation rate in the northernmost core to reflect increased sediment flux to the site from the outlet of the adjacent lake Femmilsjøen, related to glacier growth in the Femmilsjøen catchment area. Furthermore, increased sea ice cover, lower water temperatures and the re‐occurrence of ice‐rafted debris indicate increased local glacier activity and overall cooler conditions in Wijdefjorden after c. 0.5 cal. ka BP. We summarize our findings in a conceptual model for the depositional environment in northern Wijdefjorden from the Late Weichselian until present.

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Section: Moraine Ridgessupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Similar landforms occur in Rijpfjorden (~140 km NE of Wijdefjorden) and Lomfjorden ( Fig. 1; Fransner et al 2017;Streuff et al 2017).…”

Section: Sea-floor Geomorphology: Description and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: (Continued)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Quaternary glacier and sea‐ice history of northern Wijdefjorden, Svalbard

Allaart

Müller

Schomacker

et al. 2020

Boreas

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“…, ; Streuff et al . ) as well as in Nordaustlandet (Solheim ; Robinson & Dowdeswell ; Flink et al . ; Fransner et al .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Holocene glacial evolution of Mohnbukta in eastern Spitsbergen

Flink¹,

Hill²,

Noormets³

et al. 2017

Boreas

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Submarine geomorphology is one of the main tools for understanding past fluctuations of tidewater glaciers. In this study we investigate the glacial history of Mohnbukta, on the east coast of Spitsbergen, Svalbard, by combining multibeam‐bathymetric data, marine sediment cores and remote sensing data. Presently, three tidewater glaciers, Heuglinbreen, Königsbergbreen and Hayesbreen calve into Mohnbukta. Hayesbreen surged at the end of the Little Ice Age, between 1901 and 1910. The submarine landform assemblage in Mohnbukta contains two large transverse ridges, interpreted as terminal moraines, with debrisflow lobes on their distal slopes and sets of well‐preserved geometric networks of ridges, interpreted as crevasse‐squeeze ridges inshore of the moraines. The arrangement of crevasse‐squeeze ridges suggests that both landform sets were produced during surge‐type advances. The terminus position of the 1901–1910 Hayesbreen surge correlates with the inner (R.2) terminal moraine ridge suggesting that the R.1 ridge formed prior to 1901. Marine sediment cores display 14C ages between 5700–7700 cal. a BP derived from benthic foraminifera, from a clast‐rich mud unit. This unit represents pre‐surge unconsolidated Holocene sediments pushed in front of the glacier terminus and mixed up during the 1901 surge. An absence of retreat moraines in the deeper part of the inner basin and the observation of tabular icebergs calving off the glacier front during retreat suggest that the front of Hayesbreen was close to flotation, at least in the deeper parts of the basin. As the MOH15‐01 core does not penetrate into a subglacial till and the foraminifera in the samples were well preserved, the R.1 ridge is suggested to have formed prior to the deposition of the foraminifera. Based on these data we propose that a surge‐type advance occurred in Mohnbukta in the early Holocene, prior to 7700 cal. a BP, which in turn indicates that glaciers can switch to and from surge mode.

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“…In some areas (e.g. inner Isfjorden, Lomfjorden), the LIA maximum is thought to represent the most-extensive Holocene glacier position (Plassen et al, 2004;Ottesen and Dowdeswell, 2006;Mangerud and Landvik, 2007;Streuff et al, 2017b). By contrast, glaciers in Mohnbukta experienced a surge-type advance prior to 7.7 cal.…”

Section: Timings Of Late Holocene Tidewater Glacier Advances In Svalbardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Late Holocene surges of a High-Arctic tidewater glacier system in Svalbard

Lovell

Benn

Lukas

et al. 2018

Quaternary Science Reviews

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Most large tidewater glaciers in Svalbard are known to have surged at least once in the last few hundred years. However, very little information exists on the frequency, timing or magnitude of surges prior to the Little Ice Age (LIA) maximum in ~1900. We investigate the sedimentlandform assemblages produced by multiple advances of the Nathorstbreen glacier system (NGS) in order to reconstruct its Late Holocene surge history. The glacier has recently undergone one of the largest surges ever observed in Svalbard, advancing ~16 km from 2008 2 to 2016. We present flow velocities and ice-marginal observations (terminus change, proglacial geomorphological processes) from the later stages of this surge. A first detailed assessment of the development of a glaciotectonic mud apron within the fjord during a surge is provided. Geomorphological and sedimentological examination of the terrestrial moraine areas formed prior to the most recent surge reveals that at least two advances were responsible for their formation, based on the identification of a previously unrecognised ice-contact zone recorded by the distribution of sediment facies in coastal exposures. We distinguish between an outer, older advance to the distal part of the moraine system and an inner, younger advance to a position ~2 km upfjord. Radiocarbon dating of shells embedded in glaciotectonic composite ridges formed by the onshore bulldozing of marine mud during the outer (older) of the two advances shows that it occurred at some point during the interval 700-890 cal. yr BP (i.e. ~1160 AD), and not during the LIA as previously assumed. We instead attribute the inner (younger) advance to the LIA at ~1890.

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Submarine landforms and glacimarine sedimentary processes in Lomfjorden, East Spitsbergen

Cited by 23 publications

References 86 publications

Late Quaternary glacier and sea‐ice history of northern Wijdefjorden, Svalbard

Late Quaternary glacier and sea‐ice history of northern Wijdefjorden, Svalbard

Holocene glacial evolution of Mohnbukta in eastern Spitsbergen

Multiple Late Holocene surges of a High-Arctic tidewater glacier system in Svalbard

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