“…Various technological procedures, such as solvent evaporation [ 22 ], electrospinning [ 37 , 38 ], sublimation [ 39 ], compression with a hydraulic press [ 40 ], and 3D printing technology [ 41 , 42 ], create different patch forms, including polymer films or non-woven materials, hydrogels, and cryogels. In addition, patches can be produced using layer-by-layer technology to create a structure by consecutive deposition of polymers with opposite charges [ 43 , 44 ]. The matrices obtained by various methods differ in the most important physicochemical characteristics (swelling and porosity), thereby affecting the mucoadhesion of these systems and the rate of drug release.…”