Sublethal effects of bifenazate on biological traits and enzymatic properties in the Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Abstract

Panonychus citri, a major citrus pest. In pest management, bifenazate is a novel acaricide with high biological activity against red mites, such as Tetranychus urticae Koch. However, in the field, pests are frequently exposed to sublethal or lethal concentrations of pesticides. At present, its sublethal effects on P. citri have not been reported. Therefore, in order to investigate sublethal effect of bifenazate on biological traits and enzymatic properties of P. citri. The newly emerged females were treated with two concentrations of bifenazate: LC10 and LC30, the development and fecundity were observed. The results showed that female adult duration, fecundity, oviposition days, longevity were decrease compared with control, but pre-oviposition period was longer, net reproductive rate (R0), mean generation (T) were decreased, intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate (λ) were decreased in LC30, however, doubling time was increased. Enzymatic tests showed that CAT, POD, CarE activities were higher in treatments than control. The SOD and GST activities were lower in LC30 than control and LC10, the CYP450 activity was decreased with the increasing concentrations. This study demonstrated that low lethal concentrations of bifenazate adversely affected life table parameters, enzymatic properties in P. citri. Therefore, bifenazate has the potential to control this pest.

Sublethal and transgenerational effects of pyridaben exposure on the fitness and gene expression of Panonychus citri

“…Sublethal and transgenerational effects of low lethal concentrations (LC 10 , LC 20 , or LC 30 ) of insecticides on Aphis gossypii , 48–50 Plutella xylostella , 51 Folsomia candida (Collembola), 52 Tribolium castaneum , 53 Coccinella septempunctata , 54,55 and Nilaparvata lugens 19 have previously been reported. As for the pest mites, a few cases were reported, mainly including Tetranychus urticae 56–58 and P. citri 17,18,59 . This study is the first to identify reduced potential resurgence risks from following pyridaben exposure in mites, thereby providing useful information for IPM.…”

“…As for the pest mites, a few cases were reported, mainly including Tetranychus urticae [56][57][58] and P. citri. 17,18,59 This study is the first to identify reduced potential resurgence risks from following pyridaben exposure in mites, thereby providing useful information for IPM.…”

“…14 Indeed, some studies have indicated that the regulation of certain genes is an indicator of homeostasis related to biological fitness and pesticide-induced resistance in insects and mites. [15][16][17][18] For example, the upregulation of CYP6ER1 and vitellogenin genes contributed to nitenpyram resistance and stimulated reproduction in an LC 20 -preconditioned strain of Nilaparvata lugens. 19 Likewise, after exposure to sublethal sulfoxaflor concentrations, the decreased fecundity and net reproductive rate of Apolygus lucorum were observed, resulted from downregulation of vitellogenin and vitellogenin-like proteins.…”

“…Physiological and biochemical changes in organisms reflect fitness changes induced by lethal and sublethal concentrations of pesticides 14 . Indeed, some studies have indicated that the regulation of certain genes is an indicator of homeostasis related to biological fitness and pesticide‐induced resistance in insects and mites 15–18 . For example, the upregulation of CYP6ER1 and vitellogenin genes contributed to nitenpyram resistance and stimulated reproduction in an LC 20 ‐preconditioned strain of Nilaparvata lugens 19 .…”

Sublethal Effects of Emamectin Benzoate on Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

“…The sublethal effects can be defined as physiological, biological, behavioral and/or demographic effects on individuals that survive an exposure to a pesticide at low lethal or sublethal concentration or dose [18][19][20]. Sublethal dose (LC 30 ) of EMB has significant effects on development time, feeding potential or reproduction parameters of Paederus fuscipes Curtis [16], and the life-table and physiological parameters of Panonychus citri (McGregor) [21]. The sublethal concentration (LC 5 and LC 15 ) of EMB prolong the development time and longevity of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.…”