Subjective well-being among Holocaust survivors: An examination of overlooked differentiations.

Shmotkin, Dov; Lomranz, Jacob

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.1.141

Cited by 69 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…This study differs from previous investigations as it specifically refers to post-Holocaust cumulative adversity, examines a subsample drawn from a national sample, and uses two comparison groups: European-origin Jews who immigrated to pre-state Israel prior to World War II (WWII), and European-origin Jews who managed to avoid the Holocaust and immigrated to Israel after WWII (Shmotkin & Lomranz, 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Do Holocaust survivors show increased vulnerability or resilience to post‐Holocaust cumulative adversity?

Shrira

Palgi

Ben–Ezra

et al. 2010

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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Prior trauma can hinder coping with additional adversity or inoculate against the effect of recurrent adversity. The present study further addressed this issue by examining whether a subsample of Holocaust survivors and comparison groups, drawn from the Israeli component of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe, were differentially affected by post-Holocaust cumulative adversity. Post-Holocaust cumulative adversity had a stronger effect on the lifetime depression of Holocaust survivors than on that of comparisons. However, comparisons were more negatively affected by post-Holocaust cumulative adversity when examining markers of physical and cognitive functioning. Our findings suggest that previous trauma can both sensitize and immunize, as Holocaust survivors show general resilience intertwined with specific vulnerability when confronted with additional cumulative adversity.

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confidence: 96%

Do Holocaust survivors show increased vulnerability or resilience to post‐Holocaust cumulative adversity?

Shrira

Palgi

Ben–Ezra

et al. 2010

Journal of Traumatic Stress

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…It does not target Holocaust survivors as a group; instead, it recruits participants from a larger community that is not inherently associated with Holocaust survivors but consists of survivors and nonsurvivors (see below). The second method employs convenience sampling and is thus a select method, on the basis either of the snowball method of personal referral or of lists of names obtained from survivors' organizations and gatherings (Shmotkin & Lomranz, 1998;see Van IJzendoorn et al, 2003, for a meta-analytic study of effects of the Holocaust on survivors' offspring using this design feature as moderator).…”

Section: Possible Explanations For the Inconsistent Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measures included the Symptom Checklist 90 (Derogatis, 1977; e.g., in Kahana et al, 1997) or the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, Rial, & Rickels, 1974;e.g., in Isaacowitz, Smith, and Carstensen, 2003). Physical health was defined in terms of objective and subjective measures of physical health indicated by, for example, diastolic blood pressure (e.g., in Carmil & Carel, 1986) and self-rated health (e.g., in Shmotkin & Lomranz, 1998). Cognitive functioning included several intelligence and memory measures, such as the Mini-Mental State Examination (Folstein, Folstein, & McHugh, 1975;e.g., in Conn, Clarke, & Van Reekum, 2000), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (Wechsler, 1981;e.g., in Yehuda et al, 2005), and Guild Memory Test (Gilbert, Levee, & Catalano, 1968;e.g., in Golier et al, 2005).…”

Section: Coding Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surviving the Holocaust: A meta-analysis of the long-term sequelae of a genocide.

Barel¹,

IJzendoorn²,

Sagi‐Schwartz³

et al. 2010

Psychological Bulletin

183

133

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The current set of meta-analyses elucidates the long-term psychiatric, psychosocial, and physical consequences of the Holocaust for survivors. In 71 samples with 12,746 participants Holocaust survivors were compared with their counterparts (with no Holocaust background) on physical health, psychological wellbeing, posttraumatic stress symptoms, psychopathological symptomatology, cognitive functioning, and stressrelated physiology. Holocaust survivors were less well adjusted, as apparent from studies on nonselected samples (trimmed combined effect size d ϭ 0.22, 95% CI [0.13, 0.31], N ϭ 9,803) and from studies on selected samples (d ϭ 0.45, 95% CI [0.32, 0.59], N ϭ 2,943). In particular, they showed substantially more posttraumatic stress symptoms (nonselect studies: d ϭ 0.72, 95% CI [0.46, 0.98], N ϭ 1,763). They did not lag, however, much behind their comparisons in several other domains of functioning (i.e., physical health, stress-related physical measures, and cognitive functioning) and showed remarkable resilience. The coexistence of stress-related symptoms and good adaptation in some other areas of functioning may be explained by the unique characteristics of the symptoms of Holocaust survivors, who combine resilience with the use of defensive mechanisms. In most domains of functioning no differences were found between Israeli samples and samples from other countries. The exception was psychological well-being: For this domain it was found that living in Israel rather than elsewhere can serve as a protective factor. A biopsychological stress-diathesis model is used to interpret the findings, and future directions for research and social policy are discussed.

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“…La evidencia en países que pasaron por periodos de violencia política refiere menores niveles de SWB en periodos prolongados, incluso en condiciones de seguridad, tanto para víctimas directas como indirectas de la violencia colectiva Páez et al, 2001;Shmotkin & Lomranz, 1998). Sobre el BS, estudios en Latinoamérica apuntan a que la percepción de violencia en el entorno se refiere a menores puntuaciones en BS, principalmente en integración, dimensión relacionada con la satisfacción con la vida y la afectividad positiva .…”

Section: Bienestar Valores Y Clima Emocionalunclassified

“…Investigaciones en contextos de violencia colectiva reportan que estos procesos afectan directamente los niveles de bienestar de las personas y generan la aparición y el fortalecimiento de climas emocionales negativos en los lugares más afectados (Beristain, Páez, Rimé & Kanyangara, 2010;Páez, Fernández & Beristain, 2001;Shmotkin & Lomranz, 1998). También se identifican cambios socioculturales, como afectación de las creencias sobre el mundo y los otros (Páez et al, 2001), radicalización de las diferencias intergrupales (Martínez Martínez, Paterna Bleda & Gouveia, 2006) y disminución de valores universalistas y benevolentes (Basabe, Valencia & Bobowik, 2011).…”

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Bienestar, Valores y Clima Emocional en Personas Expuestas a Procesos de Violencia Política en Ayacucho, Perú

Guillén

Cueto

2017

Psykhe (Santiago)

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El periodo de violencia acontecido en el Perú entre los años 1980 y 2000 generó secuelas psicosociales significativas en su población, principalmente en aquella ubicada en la sierra y selva central. Ayacucho, región de la sierra central, es identificada como la más afectada por este proceso. El presente estudio analizó las relaciones entre el bienestar, los valores y el clima emocional en 120 personas que vivieron en Ayacucho durante esos años, seleccionadas por muestreo intencionado. Se obtuvieron correlaciones directas entre valores de motivación humanitaria y de orientación central y social con clima emocional positivo y bienestar subjetivo y social. Por medio de un análisis de senderos fue posible plantear un modelo con indicadores de ajuste óptimos, en el cual valores de tipo centralhumanista impactan directamente en el clima positivo y los indicadores de bienestar, mientras que valores de tipo social-humanista impactan directamente en el bienestar social. La evidencia obtenida es congruente con investigaciones previas que plantean la importancia de valores vinculados con la autonomía y el relacionamiento social óptimo para el funcionamiento adecuado de las personas y sus auto-evaluaciones. Palabras clave: bienestar, valores individuales, clima emocional, violencia políticaThe period of violence in Peru between 1980 and 2000 generated significant psychosocial sequelae in the population, mainly in people living in the highlands and the central jungle. Ayacucho, a region in the central highlands, has been identified as the one hit hardest by this process. The present study analyzed the relations among well-being, values, and emotional climate in 120 people who lived in Ayacucho during those years, selected through a purposive sampling method. Humanitarian motivation and central and social orientation values displayed a direct correlation with emotional climate and subjective and social well-being. A path analysis was used to generate a model with optimal goodness of fit in which central-humanistic values directly affect climate and well-being indicators, while socialhumanistic values have a direct impact on social well-being. The evidence obtained is in line with previous studies that stress the importance of values linked to autonomy and optimal social relationships for the proper functioning of individuals and their self-evaluations. Keywords: well-being, individual values, emotional climate, political violenceEl conflicto armado interno (CAI) que vivió el Perú entre los años 1980 y 2000 es considerado como uno de los procesos más violentos en toda su historia republicana. Esta afirmación se desglosa tanto por la cantidad de muertos y desaparecidos, como por las profundas secuelas que dejó en la sociedad peruana (Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación [CVR], 2003). Se dice que tales efectos pueden constatarse hasta el día de hoy tan solo viendo los índices de inseguridad ciudadana (Instituto de Defensa Legal, 2015; Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática, 2016), las profundas desigualdades horizonta...

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Subjective well-being among Holocaust survivors: An examination of overlooked differentiations.

Cited by 69 publications

References 95 publications

Do Holocaust survivors show increased vulnerability or resilience to post‐Holocaust cumulative adversity?

Do Holocaust survivors show increased vulnerability or resilience to post‐Holocaust cumulative adversity?

Surviving the Holocaust: A meta-analysis of the long-term sequelae of a genocide.

Bienestar, Valores y Clima Emocional en Personas Expuestas a Procesos de Violencia Política en Ayacucho, Perú

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