“…They concluded that dependency upon smartphones, mediated by an unhealthy connection to their constant use, may lead to increased anxiety when the device is absent. Several studies have reported associations between problematic smartphone use and social interaction anxiety ( Enez Darcin et al., 2016 ; Lee, 2015 ; Sapacz, Rockman, & Clark, 2016 ), compulsive anxiety ( Khang, Woo, & Kim, 2012 ), and general anxiety ( Lee et al., 2010 ; Lepp, Barkley, & Karpinski, 2014 ; Ha, Chin, Park, Ryu, & Yu, 2008 ; Hong, Chiu, & Huang, 2012 ; Park & Choi, 2015 ; Tavakolizadeh, Atarodi, Ahmadpour, & Pourgheisar, 2014 ). Relationships between high smartphone use and high anxiety, insomnia, and being female have also been reported ( Jenaro, Flores, Gómez-Vela, González-Gil, & Caballo, 2007 ).…”