Subjective family socio‐economic status, school social capital, and positive youth development among young adolescents in China: A multiple mediation model

Liu, Yang; Wen, Ming; Wang, Weidong; Lin, Danhua

doi:10.1002/ijop.12583

Cited by 39 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…We calculated a mean score (a continuous measure), which ranged between 0 and 1 with a higher score, indicating a higher subjective family SES. Subjective family SES is an accepted SES indicator, as it reflects some aspects of the SES which are not captured by objective SES indicators [ 41 , 43 , 45 , 48 , 97 , 98 , 99 ]. Subjective SES is shown to have some health effects that are not seen with objective SES [ 37 , 39 , 40 , 43 , 45 , 48 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective Family Socioeconomic Status and Adolescents’ Attention: Blacks’ Diminished Returns

2020

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Background: Racial minorities, particularly non-Hispanic blacks (NHBs) in the US, experience weaker effects from their families’ socioeconomic status on tangible outcomes, a pattern called the Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs) theory. These MDRs are frequently shown in the effects of the families’ socioeconomic status (SES) on NHB adolescents’ school performance. As a result of these MDRs, NHB adolescents from high SES families show a worse than expected school performance. The existing knowledge is, however, minimal about the role of attention in explaining the diminished returns of the families’ SES with regard to the adolescents’ outcomes. Aim: To investigate the racial differences in the effects of the subjective family SES on adolescents’ attention, we compared non-Hispanic white (NHW) and NHB adolescents to assess the effect of the subjective family SES on adolescents’ attention. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis that included 4188 adolescents from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. The independent variable was the subjective family SES. The primary outcome was the adolescents’ attention to be measured by the stop-signal task (SST). The attention domain of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was also measured. Results: Overall, a high subjective family SES was associated with a higher task-based and CBCL-based attention. Race showed statistically significant interactions with subjective family SES in terms of adolescents’ attention outcomes. These interactions suggested that a high subjective family SES has smaller tangible effects on increasing the attention of NHB than NHW adolescents. Conclusion: The boosting effect of subjective family SES on attention is diminished for NHB rather than NHW adolescents. To minimize the racial gap in attention-related behaviors, such as school performance, we need to address the diminished returns of resources in the lives of NHB families. Not only should we equalize SES, but also increase the marginal returns of SES for racial minorities, particularly NHB families. Such efforts require public policies that empower NHB families to better leverage their SES resources and turn them into tangible outcomes. In addition, social policies should directly aim to alter the societal barriers that limit NHB families’ ability to effectively utilize their resources. Discrimination, segregation, and racism should be targets of our policy solutions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective Family Socioeconomic Status and Adolescents’ Attention: Blacks’ Diminished Returns

2020

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“…First, we found a strong positive correlation between subjective FSES and peer relationships, which is in line with previous studies. For example, adolescents from families in the lowest income quintile of in-school families rejected their classmates more than their more advantaged peers (8), while adolescents with higher FSES were more likely to establish positive peer relationships (71). The reason for this phenomenon may be that adolescents' economic status mainly depends on their parents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective Family Socioeconomic Status and Peer Relationships: Mediating Roles of Self-Esteem and Perceived Stress

et al. 2021

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This study explored the relationships between subjective family socioeconomic status (FSES), self-esteem, perceived stress, and perceived peer relationships among Chinese adolescents. A total of 1,353 adolescents (age range: 15–19 years) were asked to complete a questionnaire. Mediation analysis revealed that subjective FSES influenced perceived peer relationships in three ways: first, through the mediating effect of perceived stress; second, through the mediating effect of self-esteem; and third, through the serial mediating effects of perceived stress and self-esteem. The results remained significant after controlling for parental education. In addition, a contrast analysis showed no significant differences in the mediating effects of self-esteem and perceived stress. Thus, we suggest that steps should be taken to improve adolescents' self-esteem and reduce their stress through training interventions and preventive measures, to help them improve their perceived peer relationships and reduce adverse effects associated with low subjective FSES.

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“…We calculated a mean score (a continuous measure), which ranged between 0 and 1 with a higher score indicating higher subjective family SES. Subjective family SES is an accepted SES indicator, as it reflects some aspects of the SES that are not captured by objective SES indicators [ 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 ]. Subjective SES is shown to have some health effects that are not seen by objective SES [ 82 , 84 , 85 , 89 , 90 , 91 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

African American Children’s Diminished Returns of Subjective Family Socioeconomic Status on Fun Seeking

et al. 2020

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Background: Reward sensitivity (fun-seeking) is a risk factor for a wide range of high-risk behaviors. While high socioeconomic status (SES) is known to reduce reward sensitivity and associated high-risk behaviors, less is known about the differential effects of SES on reward sensitivity. It is plausible to expect weaker protective effects of family SES on reward sensitivity in racial minorities, a pattern called Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs). Aim: We compared Caucasian and African American (AA) children for the effects of subjective family SES on children’s fun-seeking. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of 7061 children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. The independent variable was subjective family SES. The main outcome was children’s fun-seeking measured by the behavioral approach system (BAS) and behavioral avoidance system (BIS). Age, gender, marital status, and household size were the covariates. Results: In the overall sample, high subjective family SES was associated with lower levels of fun-seeking. We also found a statistically significant interaction between race and subjective family SES on children’s fun-seeking in the overall sample, suggesting that high subjective family SES is associated with a weaker effect on reducing fun-seeking among AA than Caucasian children. In race-stratified models, high subjective family SES was protective against fun-seeking of Caucasian but not AA children. Conclusion: Subjective family SES reduces the fun-seeking for Caucasian but not AA children.

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Subjective family socio‐economic status, school social capital, and positive youth development among young adolescents in China: A multiple mediation model

Cited by 39 publications

References 44 publications

Subjective Family Socioeconomic Status and Adolescents’ Attention: Blacks’ Diminished Returns

Subjective Family Socioeconomic Status and Adolescents’ Attention: Blacks’ Diminished Returns

Subjective Family Socioeconomic Status and Peer Relationships: Mediating Roles of Self-Esteem and Perceived Stress

African American Children’s Diminished Returns of Subjective Family Socioeconomic Status on Fun Seeking

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